A SEVENTEEN-YKAK KACK AND A Till in'KKN- V KA K HACK. I ,) 
general way, t(> tlio nortluMii hall' of tlic i;m^^(> of t he species, and 
the other r(M(nirini:; hut thirteen yeais for it s (le\ (•lo|)nient and eoN'er- 
int^: the soutluM'n hah' o( the rani^e of the s|)ecies. 
This interest in*z; and \-er\ important fact was first (hsco\ (mc(|, it 
seems, by Dr. 1). L. Phar(^s, then of AVoodville, Miss., who announced 
the 13-year pcM'iod foi- th(> southern hroods in a local paper I he 
WoodvilK^ (Miss.") ixepuhlican, May 17. ISI"). As this j)aj)er had onl\- 
a local circulation tla^ si(rni(icance of this disco\-ery was lost si<j^ht of 
and probably n(»A'(M- came to the attention of naturalists: and it was 
not until 1S()S, when Dr. B. 1). Walsh and Prof. (\ ^'. Kiley ariived at 
the sanu* couehision and published, in a joint article in the Ameri- 
can P^ntonioloti^ist," a mass of acciunuhited observations beaiiniz; 
thereon, that the 13-year period f^)r the soutliern broods cam(> to be 
generally aeeepted. 
In Professor Riley's first report on the insects of Missouri, pub- 
Hshed the followinii^ year (1869), the joint article just referred to was 
reproduced substantially without change, except for a revision of the 
classificatic>n ot the broods, based on data obtained chiefly from a very 
valuable unpublished monograph entitled '^ The American locust," 
etc., by Dr. Gideon B. Smith, of Baltimore, Md. 
This manuscript paper, on the authority of Professor Riley, was 
communicated to him by Dr. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, some four 
months after the publication of the existence of the 13-year race by 
Walsh and Riley, but in time for use in the preparation of the article 
for the First Missouri Report. In it the existence of the 13-year 
Southern race, occurring in several broods, is fully recorded by Doc- 
tor Smith in connection wdth the use of the specific name '^tredecim." 
(See Appendix.) 
After the existence of the 13-year Southern race was again brought 
into prominence by Walsh and Riley, Doctor Phares ])ublished an 
article in the Southern Field and Factory, Jackson, Miss., April, 1873, 
in which he called attention to his earlier publication, cited above, 
where he seems to have controverted the belief that there is no 13- 
year brood, evidently entertained up to that time by Doctor vSmith, 
with whom Doctor Phares was in correspondence, and also to an 
article published May 5, 1858, in the Repul)lican, where he iis(m1 the 
title "Cicada tredecim." Doctor Smith later evidently accepted the 
conclusions of Doctor Phares and introduced them in his last revi- 
sion of his mamiscript memoir, which Pr()fess(U' Riley saw and used. 
To Doctor Phares, therefore, belongs the honor of having made the 
discovery of the 13-year period for the Southern broods. Xevert he- 
less, but for the independent work of Walsh and Kiley, the knowl- 
edge of the 13-year broods might have been long lacking, and, in the 
a Vol. I, pp. 63-72. Dpcpmhor, 1868. 
