THE OVirOSTToR. 
81 
when tho takini: of food is a i'onstant fcatuiw 'V\\o stnictun^ of tli(^ 
mouth parts iii those prohininary sta^i^es is iih-ntical Id (>> 
that of the adiiU, and tlio characteristic f(>aturcs an> 
ilhistratcMl ill the for(\<xoiniJ: fi^iinvs witli su])j()iii(>(l expla- 
nations. 
In the takinii: of food by \\\v larv:e and pupa', as tli(>\ 
rest on the rootlets in their earthen cells, (he tip of \\w 
beak, namely, tlu^ lower li]), is ])rousj;ht to hear on the 
root, and by alternating^; lon<j:it udinal thinists of the seta^, 
especially the u])j)er pair, which are the stron<z:er and 
wliich n^present the ^reat jaws or nnmdibles of bitinu" 
insects, the soft, succuk^nt hiyers of the cam])ium 
beneath the bark are reached, the skmder seta^ bein<r 
suj)j)orted, strengthened, and directed by the stronirer 
it ials w itii 
and 
(MICH'C 
liiiiT sheath-like lower 
Fir.. 34.— The pc- 
riodicalCicada: 
Side view of fe- 
male to show 
beak, a, and 
ovipositor, 6. 
(After Rilev.) 
Fig. 3').— A])domen of female Cicada showing ovi- 
positor and attachments: a, ventral, b, lateral, 
and c, dorsal view, (Author's illustration.) 
THE OVIPOSITOR. 
li]). The irritation 
c a u s e d b y this 
puncture inchices a 
How of sap, which 
passes up between 
the seta3 to the k)wer li]) and 
within this along the basal por- 
tion of the setae into the mouth 
or throat 
by suction, 
as in higher 
animals. 
The ovipositor (fig. 34,6; fig. 35), or twig-pierc- 
ing and egg-laying organ, of the female Cicada 
is also a very complex instrument. It issues 
from a groove, or fissure, on the underside of the 
abdomen, and at rest is nearly concealed except 
at the tip by the broad overlapping sides of the 
eighth dorsal segment. The ovipositor proper 
is protected and covered when at rest bytwo 
valves, which form a sort of sheath, or scabbard. 
The inclosed ovipositor is a very tough, horny 
instrument, spear-shaped, and serrated at tlu* 
extremity, and consists of three pieces, namely, 
a back portion (probably two pieces grown to- 
gether), which acts as a supporting or connect- 
ing piece for the two lateral bladcvs. Tliese lateral |)ieces, or blades, 
slide up and down in alteniation on tongues projecting from the cen- 
31117— No. 71— ()7 ») 
Fi(i. 3(i.— Tip of ovipositor 
(if Cicada, much enlarged: 
(I. from above, h, from bc- 
ncalh, with dotted portion 
to show the alternating 
Mint ion of the side pieces. 
LVuthor's illustration.) 
