err A DA huts, ok cones. 0] 
j niiinlxM's. Oviposition l)(\iz:;m on \\\c \:U\\ olMimc. mid l>\- the 17lli of 
the inoiitli the l(>a\(vs on ihc wounded twi^s coinincnccd !<» witlicr. 
All had (lisaj)])(\ir(Ml hy I lie Kli of duly. 
Ml/rilOl) Ol' KMKKCFACK. 
Ill esca])iniz; from th(> soil t he ])n|)a l)uii-o\\s dii-eclK u|)\\ard, hiii nol 
always in a straight line, and under normal condit ionsemerL::es direct I v, 
leavint^ a small round hole about tho size of a man's little iin^^er. 
While it is i^enerally true that they do not pierce {\w surface at all 
until they are rijx^ for transformation, they seem to hav(> a fre(|ii(Mii 
hahit of penetratin<i: nearly to the top of the ground some time heforc 
they actually issue and remaining usually within their burrows or 
sometimes emerging, but concealing themselves under logs, stones, 
etc., awaiting the proper moment to come forth. ILsually throughout 
the month of April they are to be found thus near thesui-face, as has 
been recorded by many observers. 
On the authority of Professor Potter the 10th of April is usually 
the date for their a2:)pearance near the top of the ground. Here they 
are often discovered by hogs and eaten with avidity, their holes com- 
ing \\'ithin a quarter of an inch of the surface and penetrating down- 
ward from 6 to 12 inches. 
CICADA HUTS, OR CONES. 
Under special or peculiar circumstances, not always easily explain- 
able, the Cicada pupae construct little con'es, or chinmeys, of earth 
above the surface of the soil, continuing and capping their holes, sev- 
eral weeks before the time of issuing. In addition to the names 
Cicada '' huts" or '' cones," these curious structures have been variously 
termed ''towers," ''roofs," '^chimneys," "turrets," and "adobe 
dwellings." 
The earliest reference to them, if the writer mistakes not the sig- 
nificance of the language, and one which has hitherto l)een overlooked, 
is by Professor Potter." He refers to the "roofs of their tenements" 
as being "neatly arched and so firmly cemented that water is never 
found in them, although all of the surrounding grounds are over- 
flowed and perfectly saturated," and, stating that "the locust is not 
singular in this provision," he refers, in the same connection, to the 
cra^-fish and other shellfish and some insects as building houses along 
water courses, where the soil is wet, resembling "snuill chimneys," 
as a provision against "inundation and drowning." 
The first defmite account of the Cicada huts we owe to Mr. S. S. 
Rathvon, of Lancaster, Pa., who described them as occurring in 
localities where the drainage was imperfect. He says: 
o Notes on the Locusta, etc., pp. 17, 18 (1839). 
