MF/rilOD OF HIKKOWINO. 1 IJO 
It is (lilUcult to say how many of those* roportcd occui-i-ciiccs at 
unusual doptlis arc (hio to an unohscivcMl tunihlini: of sjx'c'nncns from 
hii:h(4' levels, but \\ hci'c l he inscM'ts ha\'o hcMMi ohs(>r\(Ml lo issue l hioiiLrli 
th(^ hot torn of collars or similar situations the infoi-inat ion would sccui 
to ho itdiahlo. Tho faot remains, h()\vo\'(>r. that all of the oxicu^ixc 
ilii^ginLrs in tho inv(*stitxation of tin* oarly iiistory of this insoot hoi(> in 
"Washinirton and i^lsowhoro have conlirmod tho statcuniMUs of Doc I or 
wSuiith: in othor words, tho insects luivo always boon found, as staled, 
within L' fo(*t of tlu^ surface* and in i^roatost nundxMs hoiwoon I ho 
(l(*|)ths of 8 and IS incluvs. 
A curious foatun* in connoction with th(> underground life of this 
ins(>ct is its aj)i)ar(MU ability to survive without injui-y in soil which 
may have boon Hooded for a considerable ])oiiod. Dt)cloi- Snnih 
records a case of this kind where a gentleman in Ijouisiana in Januaiy. 
ISIS, built a milldam, thus overdowin^jj some land. In March of th(> 
followin<r vear the water was drawn off and ''in removin"* a hard bod 
of pipe clay that had been covered with water all of this time some 6 
feet deep the locusts were found in a fine, healthy state, ready to niak(> 
their appearance above ground, that being the year of thou- regular 
aj)pearance." Another case almost exactly similar is re]K)rted by 
Mr. Barlow. In this instance the building of a dam resulted in tho 
submerging of the ground about an oak tree during several months 
of every summer, ultimately resulting in the death of the tree. This 
went on for several years, until the dam was washed away by a 
freshet, when digging beneath the tree led to the discover}^ of the 
Cicada larvse in apparently healthy condition from 12 to 18 inches 
l)elow the natm^al surface of the ground. In both of these instances 
the ground may have been nearly impervious, so that the water did 
not reach the insects nor entu'ely kill all of the root growth in the 
submerged soil. 
THE METHOD OF BURROWING. 
The actions of the Cicada beneath the soil are not readily investi- 
gated, the newly hatched and more active individuals disap|)oaring 
rather raj)i(lly and seeming to be quite at home in the oaith, as tluMi- 
natural element. The method of Imrrowing of tho larger and paj-tly 
grown specimens, as witnessed in captivity under fairly natural condi- 
tions, is, as has been described in the manuscript notes of tho Bureau, 
as follows: The larva scratches away the walls of its cell with the 
femoral and tibial claws, grasping and tearing the earth and small 
stones just as one would do with the hands, bracing itself against the 
sides of its coll mainly l)y its hind and middle legs, the former in their 
natural position and the latter stretched out over the back. If it is 
rising, so that the earth reiiio\'ed naturally falls to the lowci- end of 
the burrow, it simply presses the detached ])ortions on all sides, and 
