152 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
drawings of its several organs and the perfect insects, the egg and the young taken 
from life, with a register of the places and time of its appearance in every part (»f the 
United States, by Gideon B. Smith, M. D. Originally written in 1834, transcribed 
with additions 1851, and rewritten with additions and illustrations in February, 1857, 
in the sixty-fourth year of my age. — G. B. S. 
This manuscript is substantially the paper by Professor Potter 
revised, with much interesting matter added and particularly a regis- 
ter of some 21 broods in many colonies, in which are separated the 
two tribes, one of seventeen years, represented by fourteen broods 
and the other thirteen 3^ears, represented b}^ seven broods. Doctor 
Smith's classification of the broods under these two tribes undoubt- 
edly resulted from his correspondence with Doctor Pharos and perhaps 
other observers residing in the South. Most unfortunately, Doctor 
Smith failed to publish this ver}^ interesting manuscript and there- 
fore never received due credit for the valuable Avork which lie 
accomplished. 
Townend Glover used this manuscript to some extent in his article 
on the Cicada in the Report of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 
1867 (1868), referring to Doctor Smith as ha^dng devoted much tune 
to studying the habits of the Cicada, and as the best authorit}^ on the 
subject in the Middle States, and particularh^ as holding that there 
are two tribes '' differing only from each other in the period of their 
lives, the northern being seventeen years, and the other, or southern 
tribe, requiring onh^ thirteen years in which they perform their trans- 
formations." The use of Doctor Smith's manuscript afterwards by 
Professor Riley, as will be subsequent!}^ noted, was not of such char- 
acter as to bring into prominence the real value of Doctor Smith's 
contribution to science. Two minor notes only were published b}^ 
Doctor Smith. The first is his Scientific American note of March 22, 
1851, which was afterwards communicated by Mr. Spence to the 
London Entomological Society. ° In this note Doctoi Smith briefly 
reviews and sums up the results of his seventeen j^ears' stud}^ of this 
insect, and states that he has located thirty different locust districts, 
occup}dng fourteen of the seventeen years. Since he does not men- 
tion the 1 3-year race he was evidently unaw^are of its existence as late 
as 1851. The second is a brief note in the Country Gentleman for 
May, 1869, in which he mentions both races. 
From this time on until the important publications b}^ Walsh and 
Rile}^ a number of articles on the Cicada appeared, some of them of 
considerable interest and value, and notably those by Miss ^lagaretta 
H. Morris, of GermantoAvn, Pa., on the habits, times of appearance, 
and ravages occasioned by this insect, and by Prof. Joseph Leidy on 
the fungous disease attacking the species.^ Dr. J. C. Fisher, in 1851, 
aProc. Ent. Soc. London, April 7, 1851, Vol. I, pp. 80, 81. 
^Described by C. IT. Peck as Massospora cicadina in 31st Kept. X. Y. State Mus. 
Nat. Hist., 1879^ pp. 19, 20, and 44. 
