154 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
Lintner and many others. The output of hterature on the peri- 
odical Cicada since 1885, if one takes the daily press notices and 
articles into account, has been enormous and particularly in the 
special Cicada years. This has resulted from the fact that as the 
dates for the appearances of all the broods are now well understood, 
the recurrences have been foretold and looked forward to, thus vastly 
increasing the popular interest. The new information gained has 
related chiefly to facts of distribution. Some interesting data have 
been given, however, on the subject of the peculiar huts or turrets, 
which are sometimes constructed by the emerging pupse, and some 
anatomical studies have been made. 
For a description of these and other papers the reader is referred to 
the bibliography of the writings on the periodical Cicada Avhich is 
appended. The important papers from the earliest times to the 
present are listed, omitting much of the ephemeral and less valuable 
matter which added little or nothmg to the knowledge of the liabits 
and distribution of the species. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
[Chronologically arranged.] 
1666. [Oldenburg, Henry, "publisher"]. — " Some observations of Swarms of Strange 
Insects and the Mischiefs done by them." <Philos. Trans. London, Vol. I. 
No. 8, p. 137. 
Includes first reference to periodical Cicada (Brood XIV). 
1669. MoRETON, Nathaniel. — "New England's Memoriall." <Cambridge, 1669. 
Refers to a " kinde of pestilent feaver " fatal to whites and Indians in season of lfi33 (1634?) 
ascribed by the Indians to the "flies," whicli appeared that year and which are briefly 
described. 
1705. Matthews, Thomas (?).— Steadman's Lib. Am. Lit., Vol. I. pp. 462, 463 (1887). 
Quotes the writings of 1705 of "T. M.," supposed to refer to Thomas Matthews, describing 
tlie occurrence of a swarm of cicadas as one of three prodigies appearing about 1675. (See 
pp. 147-148.) 
1715. Sandel, Andreas. — Mitchell andMiller's Medical Repository, Vol. IV. \^. 7L 
(Abstract.) (Memorandum dated 1715.) (See 1906.) 
Refers to the use of the cicadas as food by the Indians. 
1756. Kalm, Pehr. — Beskrifning pa et slagts Gras-Hoppor, uti Norra Americas ( Cicada 
septendedm). <Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 17, pp. 101-116 — German Transla- 
tion 1767, t. 26, pp. 130-143. 
1753-61. Kalm, Pehr. — Travels in North America. Vol. II, p. 6. 
Gives a brief account of the species, which Is said to come about every 17tlt year. 
1758. LiNNE, C— Systema Naturae, 10th Edit., p. 436. 
Original description of the species. 
1764. Collinson, Peter. — Some observations on the Cicada of North Anu-rica. 
<Philos. Trans. Lond., vol. 54, pp. 65-69, 1 pi. 
1767. Bartram, Moses. — "Dodsley's Annual Register/' p. 103. 
Account in letter to Peter Collinson, London, England. 
1775. Fabricius, J. C— Syst. Ent., p. 679, No. 6; Ins., II, 1781, p. 319, No. 6; Mant. 
Ins., II, 1787, p. 266, No. 9. 
Described as Tettigonia septendedm. 
1788. Stoll, Caspar.— "Der Cicaden," etc. 
Gives a figure and short description of Cicada Kcptemlccim. 
