156 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
1848. Morris, M. H. — Destruction of fruit trees by the seventeen-year locust. <Am. 
Agric, Septeml)er, vol. 7, p. 279. 
Notes on injuries to forest and fruit trees by the larvae. 
1851. Smith, Dr. Gideon B. — On the American \ocust {Cicada septendecim) . <Scientific 
American, March 22; presented by Spence in Proc. Lond. Ent. Soc. (n. s.), 
Vol. I, 1851, pp. 80, 81. 
Reviews his work; states that he has located thirty locust districts, occupying fourteen of 
the seventeen years; 13-year race not mentioned. 
1851. Spence, R. H.— Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. (n. s.). Vol. I, pp. 103. 104. 
Letter on the Cicada in Maryland in 1851.- 
1851. Leidy, J.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. V, p. 235. 
Characters of the spores of a fungus affecting the Cicada. 
1851. Fisher, Dr. J. C— Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., Vol. V, pp. 272, 273. 
Description of Cicada cassinii as a new species hitherto confounded with C. septendecim. 
1851. Cassin, John. — Notes on the above species of Cicada (C. cassinii), and on the 
Cicada septendecim Linn. <Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., September, Vol. V, 
pp. 273-275. 
Characters and habits of Cicada se-ptendecim and of Cicada cassinii compared. 
1851. Burnett, Dr. W. J.— Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 71 and p. 111. 
Sexual system and musical apparatus; appearance in cleared lands. 
1851. Burnett, Dr. W. J. — Points in the economy of the 17-year locust {Cicada septen- 
decim) bearing on the plural origin and special local creation of the species. 
<Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., 6th Meet., pp. 307-311. 
1852. Wild, Ph. — Sur les moeurs de la Cicada septendecim. <Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 
2d Ser. vol. 10., Bui., pp. XVIII, XIX. . 
1852. Harris, T. W.— Insects of New England, pp. 180-189; Ins. Inj. to Veget., 1860, 
pp. 206-217; do. Flint Edit., 1863, pp. 206-219. 
General account of the species. 
1852. Evans, Gurdon. — Insects injurious to vegetation. <Trans. N. Y. State Agric. 
Soc. for 1851, vol. 11, pp. 741-751. 
Notes concerning various insects of Madison County, N. Y., including the 17-year Cicada. 
1854. Fitch, A. — Report (on the noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of 
New York). <Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. for 1854, vol. 14, pp. 742-753; 
1st and 2d Repts., Albany, 1856, pp. 38-49. 
Gives a general account of the species and enumerates nine broods. 
1857. Smith, Dr. Gideon B. — The American locust, etc. < Last revision. February. 
Unpublished manuscript used in part by Glover and Riley. 
1858. Phares, Dr. D. L. — Republican, Woodville, Miss., May 5. 
Published a notice of the 13-year brood under the title " Cicada iredecim." 
1859. Smith, Dr. G. B.— Country Gentleman. May 12, vol. 13, p. 308. 
"Predicts the appearance of locusts the coming spring in Virginia, Maryland, North Caro- 
lina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Mississippi. They belong to the tribe of thirteen and seventeen 
year locusts." (13-year Brood XXIII and 17-year Brood I.) 
1860. Fitch, A.— The Entomologist, No. 22— The 17-year Cicada. <The Country 
Gentleman, March 29, vol. 15, p. 210. 
Remarks on popular names for insects; regularity of appearance of Cicada septendecim: 
necessity of ascertaining its distribution in order to predict its future visitations. 
1861". StAl, C— Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 4th ser.. Vol. I, Septor:l)er, p. 618. 
Reference of Cicada septendecim to genus Tibicen Latr. 
1862. IIerrick, E. C. — Uprising of the 17-year Cicada in New Haven County, Conn., 
in 1860. <Am. Joum. Arts and Sci., 2d ser., vol. 33, pp. 433, 434. 
1865. Riley, C. V. — Seventeen-year locust. <Prairie Farmer, August 19, vol. 32 
(n. s., vol. 16), p. 127. 
Agrees with S. P. G. in doubting that Cicada septendecim lives seventeen years immature, 
and gives reasons for his doubt. 
I 
