32 
at the base as in spretus, transverse, flattened behind, and not regularly conical, but 
somewhat subcylindrical to the broadly rounded and very blunt apex. 
Male. — The most constant differences between the species is found in the form of 
the last ventral segment of the male; in femur-rubrum this segment, although 
strongly curved upwards, as in spretus, is not so distinctly narrowed toward the 
end, but rounded, and, instead of being notched toward the end, is squarely trun- 
cate, presenting a sharp horizontal and almost semicircular margin. Below the tip, 
on the posterior face of the segment, is a rather large, transverse, gash-like inden- 
tation. The cerci are about the same length as those of the male spretus, and about 
the same width at the base. The little tooth-like appendages at the base of the 
supra-anal plate are elongate and slender, as in spretus, and are sinuate. 
In addition to the characters mentioned in the original description of atlanis, I 
would call attention to the following differences between it and spretus on the one 
side and femur-rubrum on the other. 
Female. — As compared with the female of spretus the wings are shorter, extending 
but very slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen, not differing perceptibly in this 
respect from femur-rubrum ; the tegmina are narrower, curved upward very slightly 
at the apex, very few spots or dots on the apical portion, and these minute and dim ; 
the inner field is always immaculate; the posterior half of the intercalate vein ap- 
parent. The wings pellucid, but, when living, have, next the base, a bluish-white 
tinge; a larger portion of the pronotum nearly always dark. The black stripe on 
the side of the pronotum nearly always apparent even in the darkest individuals; 
head and anterior lobes of the pronotum with the velvety appearance so marked in 
spretus, but here dark or olive-brown without the reddish tinge so common to that 
species; the pale, oblique, metathoracic ray usually apparent but often obliterated. 
For further differences between this and other species of our destructive locusts, 
see ante, under the description of atlanis and spretus. 
Unlike the Lesser Migratory Locust and the true or Eocky Moun- 
tain Locust, femur-rubrum seldom exhibits the migratory trait in a I 
marked degree. True, it will sometimes gather in immense " swarms" 
and move in concert, but it never rises to great heights, drifting with 
the wind as do the others. The " kerosene pans" or "hopper-dozers" 
are admirably adapted as implements of warfare against this locust, 
even after it has acquired wings. 
THE LEAD-COLOKED LOCUST. 
(Melanoplus plumbeus Dodge.) 
This hopper approaches more closely to the common red-legged spe- 
cies than to any of our other locusts belonging to the genus Melano- 
plus ; but it is very readily distinguish- 
able from that species by its bright 
colors and by its more clumsy move- 
ments. In its distribution, however, 
plumbeus is confined to the plains of 
Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and 
Fio. 16.— Melanoplus plumbeus— natural size probably alSO of Kansas; but it is not 
(ongmai). generally distributed even here, being 
confined to limited areas in certain localities where it is quite common. 
Several years ago I found it quite abundant at a point about two 
miles south of Canyon City, Colo., so abundant, in fact, that, had it been 
A 
