55 
At various times records have been made of finding single moths 
late in the season, in October. The presence of these moths can be 
easily accounted for by the fact that the larvie probably got into some 
place where the general outside temperature had no effect on them, 
and increased temperature caused transformation. 
EVIDENCES OF A THIRD GENERATION. 
It is often found that in September a large number of the fruits 
have been entered by very 3'oung insects, and it is also found that in 
some localities these injuries extend into October. This has given rise 
to the belief that there is a third generation present: and not having 
definite records in regard to the life histor}' of the codling moth, many 
fruit growers have come to the conclusion that there are three gener- 
ations, and some have even gone so far as to say that there is a par- 
tial fourth generation. Many entomologists have taken these state- 
ments from the fruit growers, and not having given as complete study 
to the subject as was possible, have published the conclusion that three 
generations were present. The writer has collected all of the publi- 
cations in which three generations were either indicated or given as 
occurring, and has, with the greatest of care, studied the observations 
upon which the conclusions were based. ]Many entomologists have 
submitted original notes or copies of the notes from which their con- 
clusions were drawn. After carefully studying all these records and 
published accounts the conclusion was reached that there were only 
two publications in which any substantial evidence is given as to the 
existence of a third generation of the codling moth. Professor Cock- 
erell, in a bulletin of the New Mexico Experiment Station, concludes 
that there are three generations and a partial fourth. Professor Cock- 
erell relied mainh^ upon observations, and checked these observations 
bv breeding experiments in only a few instances. The observations, 
while of value, give the conditions in the orchard at irregular inter- 
vals, and then only for a very short period of time. ^Nlany erroneous 
conclusions were drawn from these observations. For instance, the 
finding of an empty pupa case on ,Iune i^il was considered an evi- 
dence that the moths of the first generation had emerged. In view of 
the fact that Professor Gillette finds that the extreme ])eriod of emer- 
gence of the moths in the spring is 69 days at Fort Collins, and that 
Professor Slingerland found moth in New York as late as June '2'2. we 
see that there is the greatest probability that these moths were the 
latter part of the hiluM-nating generation, instead of the first part of 
the first generation. The finding of wormy a]i}iles on July o was con- 
sidered as the beginning of the second generation entering the fruit. 
On August 12 small larMv in fruit were considered to be the l)eginning 
of the third generation. Anyone familiar with the conditions of 
Western orchards knows that small larvie entering the fruit can be 
