31 
10 to 20 feet before thc}^ could find an tipi)le. Card notes tliat conipara- 
tivelv few eat of the leaves in tlie open, ))ut from such observations 
as we have the writer is strono-ly of the opinion that it is (|uite a gen- 
eral habit. 
DESCRIPTION OF FULI.-GROWN LARVA. 
When full grown the larvte are about three-quarters of an inch in 
length, and their heads measure from 1.51: to 1.76 mm. across the 
broadest portion. The majority are of a pinkish or flesh color, which 
is much lighter or absent on the under side. It was thought for a 
long time that the pink color was due to the larva having fed on some 
particular varieties of apple; but the white and pink larva? have often 
been found feeding on fruit from the same tree. The head is brown 
in color, with darker markings, while the cervical and anal shields are 
much lighter. The spots in which the minute short hairs are situated 
are but little darker than the body wall, but can be easily distinguished 
with a hand lens. The mandibles are the most noticeaT)le feature of 
the mouth parts. Beneath the under lip is the spinneret, from which 
the silken thread is drawn. The larva has eight pairs of legs. The 
first three pairs, or true legs, are situated on the thorax, and are three 
jointed. Later these form the legs of the adult insect. The five pairs 
of fleshy abdominal legs, or prolegs, disappear in the pupal stage of 
the insect. The first four pairs of legs are armed with circles of 
hooks, w^hile the hooks on the two pairs at the end of the body are 
arranged in a semicircle. The spiracles or breathing apertures of the 
larva are arranged on either side on separate segments of the bodv. 
(Pl.V, fig. 1.) 
ENTERING THE FRUIT. 
The usual place of entrance of the first generation is by way of the 
calyx. The larvie either scpieeze their way into the calyx between 
the lobes or tunnel into the cavity at the base of the lobes. A scar, 
the stem, or a place where fruits touch is often selected as the place 
of entrance. In 1900 the writer observed an ego^ shell with a larval 
entrance hole at the edge and partly imder the shell. In view of later 
observations it is more probable that some larva crawling around 
found this obstruction and entered, rather than that the larva entered 
the fruit directly from the shell. 
The second generation for the most part enter on the sides of the 
fruit. The larva crawls rapidlv about the apple, seeking a place for 
entrance. A scar or roughness is a fa\orite place, as the jaws slip on 
the smooth skin. In its wanderings tlie larva spins a silken thread and 
finally makes a web over the surface of the ai)})le. With this as a 
foothold it is able to make some impression upon the skin, which is 
bitten out in chips and dropped into the web. Later, when it is partly 
covered, the larva l)acks out of tlu^ burrow and brings ])iiH'es out with 
