3,0 
This tal)le i« not complete, in that not sufficient observations were 
made at lower and higher temperatures; and it is dangerous to make 
any extended conclusions therefrom. A study of the table shows: 
First. Under a low temperature the length of this stage is longer 
than at high temperatures. 
Second. The total temperature varies from 200'^ to •i28'-' F., and the 
average is 802^; and in general eggs have to be subjected to this 
amount of heat before the}^ hatch, whether it be for a longer or a shorter 
period of time. 
Third. The eggs are not at the same state of maturity at the time of 
oviposition, as at 2J:"^ w^e have from 9 to IS daj^s as the length of stage. 
Fourth. Under normal held conditions a small ditference in temper- 
ature causes but little chantre in tlie lenoth of the stao'e. 
So o 
MORTALITY AIMONd THE EGGS. 
Various observers, among them ^^'ashburn, Goethe, Card, Slinger- 
land, and Cordley, have found that many eggs of this insect did not 
hatch. There is little doubt that at least one of tliese writers mistook 
eggs from which the larva^ had hatched for dead eggs. The writer 
has noted that man}' eggs became hard and dr}', Avhile in others the 
contents changed to a dark l)rown color. These changes may have 
been caused by infertility, parasites, or the excessiveh' hot sun. The 
mortalit}^ as shown by our breeding-cage records is ))y no means so 
great as the writer had supposed. The eggs, however, were more or 
less protected. 
THE LARVAL STAGE. 
Considering the codling moth in its economic relations, it may be said 
that the larval is the most important stage of the insect. Not only is 
it distributed, and does all of its damage in this stage, but it is more 
amenable to remedial measures. 
At the time of hatching the young larva is from one-twentieth to 
one-sixteenth of an inch in length, of a semi-transparent whitish or 
yellowish color, with large, shin}^, black head, and dark cervical and 
anal shields. The body shows regularly arranged spots with short 
hairs or setee. 
If hatched upon the apple the 3'oung larva seeks a place to enter, 
which is in general some irregularity upon the apple or at the calyx. 
Slingerland, Card, and Cordley have made many excellent observa- 
tions upon the place of entrance. When hatched upon the leaves they 
may not find an apple for some time, and su])sist by eating .small por- 
tions of the leaves. In confinement this often occurs, but it has never 
been determined accurately how often it takes place in the field. The 
writer has time and again noted these spots on the leaves in the field, 
and has noted also that larvae hatched on leaves would have to go from 
