25 
111 1893 Profes.sor Wash])urn oavo fm accunito description of the 
egg. with the first ligure of it. This tigiire shows a well-formed 
enihryo inside, but the netwoi'k of ridges near the center is much too 
open. 
Slingerland in ISOG and Card in lb'.»7 distinguished the i'^^g> and 
made many oVjservations which added material!}' to our knowledge of 
this stage. In hi> ISHS bulletin Slingerland publishes many excellent 
photographs and descriptions which caused the eggs to be familiar 
objects. Influenced In' Slingerland's and Card's work. Aldrich. Cord- 
le}^ Gillette, and others have from time to time added to the sum of 
our knowledge of this stage of the insect. It is remarkable that, in 
spite of the many studies of its life history, the ("gg escaped notice 
for so long and when seen was not described and tigured until a com- 
paratively late date. 
The egg is a flat, somewhat oval-shaped objec-t with a flange around 
it. It varies in size from ('.HB to 1 by 1.17 to 1.3i! nun. Commonly 
speaking, it is about the size of a pin head. The surface is covered 
with a network of ridges which are much closer together toward the 
central portion than around the edge. The color depends upon the 
age of the embryo: as when the egg is tirst laid it is of a pearly white 
color, sometimes with a decided yellowish tinge: later it is darker on 
account of the red ring. The egg:< are always glued to the apple or 
leaf and one often finds shells which remain for some time after the 
larva has hatched. The reflection of light from the egg is of the 
greatest aid in finding tliem. and they have often been described as 
reflecting the light like "trout scales." (See PI. III.) 
PLACES WHERE LAID. 
Having never seen the egg^ the early writers were forced to guess 
as to where it was laid. They stated that the egg:< were laid either in 
the stem end or in or about the calyx end of the apple. These views 
were held because of the position of the entrance holes of the larva\ 
These ideas were published again and again for over a century, and 
American writers copied them until about 1897. when, by a series of 
observations, it was proved that they were incorrect. In 18S9 Koebele 
and Weir stilted that the eggs are laid at any ])oint upon the apple 
and are "as a rule laid elsewhere than within the calyx." Wasjiburn 
in 1892 found that the eggs were '"placed on Ijoth sides and the top 
of the fruit." In the spring of 189() Slhigerland found that in con- 
finement the moths laid egos on the sides of the cages, on leaves, and 
on bark. Card in lSi«7 found that th(^ i^^gs were laid almost exclu- 
sively upon the upper surface of the lea\es. and in 1897 only 2 eogs 
were observed in the field. In a recent letter Professor Cordlev 
states that out of IT) eo-o-> laid in contiiuMniMit tlie o-nnit(M- numbtM- wt^'e 
