21 
observation it is evident that the larvte do not eat any of these sub- 
stances. When Paris green was phiced under the i)ands and on the 
bark and in other places where the larva^ spin, it was found that none 
were killed, even when the poison was abundant, wiiich tends to show 
that they do not eat of these substances. 
PRIMITIVE FOOD HABITS. 
Writers have indulged in speculation as to the primitive food habit 
of this insect. The other species of the genus are nut feeders, and 
Adkins expresses the opinion that this insect was originally such, and 
that the habit of eating apples was acquired. 
The older writers have said that the insect was prol)ably a leaf 
feeder. From the experience of Professor Cordley this view appears 
to be the more probable one. 
WORK OF OTHER INSECTS. 
There are many other insects which feed on apples whose work may 
be taken for that of the codling lyoth by those who are not familiar 
with the characteristics of the respective insects; but in all instances 
there are differences in the work and habits of the insects by which 
they may be easily distinguished. 
The apple raaggot {TrypetajxnnoneUa). — This insect is ([uite injuri- 
ous in the northeastern States, and its work in the apple is characterized 
b}^ many winding tunnels through 
the fruit. The larva is footless, 
and has no distinct head, but tapers 
toward the front. This maggot is 
the early stage of one of the two- 
winged flies. 
TJie ])e(icJk Uvig-horer {A)}((rsia 
lineatelJa). — Injury to peaches and 
plums by this insect is often at- 
tril)uted to the codling moth, as its 
second generation feeds in the fruit. 
The larva^ are nuich darker red and 
much smaller than those of the cod- 
ling moth, and the mature larva 
tapers toward either end (tig. 1). 
The pliun r}(rr}ili<) {Cn)}<)tr<(ch(h(,'i n( nKj)h<f/'). This insect often 
attacks apples, but can l)e easily distinguished by the cn\scent-shaped 
scar made in i^^yo; laying. ))y the small ]>unctur(^s caused by the adult 
in feeding, and by the fact that the larva, though it has a distinct head, 
is footless. 
The Tndian-we<(l vHffh {Plod in i})f< rpuiuiella). — This inset't feeds 
upon edibles of nearly all kinds— meal, grain, seeds, nuts, dried fruits. 
Fu;. \.—Annr!tia UncntrUa: a. twig of poaoh, 
showing in crotrh minute masses of chewed 
hark ahove larval ehambers; /), latter mneh 
enlarired; c. a larval eell. with contained larva. 
m\ich enlaryfed: ti, dorsal view of young larva, 
more enlarged (from Marlatt>. 
