18 
•i7jJ(H),0()U barrels at |1 we have a cash valuation of $tl:7,()0(),()()0 for 
the iirst and second qualities. 
It is well w^ithin the limits of safety to estimate that one-fourth more 
apples would have been placed on the market had it not been for the 
codling- moth. This one-fourth would be about 12,000,000 barrels, and 
would have no value except for cider or local sale at very low price. 
The average price for cider apples is about 30 cents, which price would 
yield a total of about 13,600,000 as the value of the windfalls, culls, 
and cider tipples, while if the}^ were average apples, at $1 net per barrel 
the value would be $12,000,000, showing an annual loss of aliout 
$8,100,000. The loss in home orchards, in which the percentage of 
loss is far greater than in the commercial orchards, is estimated at 
$3,000,000, giving a total annualloss of 111,100,000. 
The loss in the countrv at large or an}^ section of the country will 
vary with the size of the apple crop. In ^^ears of full crops the com- 
parative injurv is not so great as in years when the crop is small and 
the prices high. 
FOOD HABITS. 
This insect is essentially a feeder upon rosaceous fruits, and to them 
all of the in]\uT is done. 
FRUITS INFESTED. 
The apple is by far the most infested fruit. It is the natural food 
of the codling moth, and under ordinarA^ circumstances is the only fruit 
injured, save pears. It is quite safe to assume that the larvt^ of the 
codling moth originally fed upon the leaves of the apple and that the 
habit of Inirrowing in the fruit is acquired. Much has l)een said and 
written as to the resistance by different varieties of apple to this insect. 
In Bulletin 35, new series, DiA^sion of Entomology, the writer gave a 
list of \'arieties and indicated the resistance. It is a notable fact that 
the summer varieties of apples are very attractive to the second gen- 
eration of insects. Varieties which are fragrant, as the Pewaukee and 
Ortley (Bellflower), are always badl}^ infested. As a general rule, one 
can say that the harder and less ripe late apples are not attacked to 
the same extent as those which are ripe and fragrant when the second 
generation enters. 
It is impossible, from the nature of the case, to determine the exact 
ratio of resistance of the varieties. In one orchard one will lind fruit 
of the Ben Davis variety least infested, while in another it will be 
the most infested. These differences are without doubt due to local 
conditions in the different orchards. 
Pears are next in order of infestation. Under ordinar}^ conditions 
they are not injured to any great extent. Jn the Pacific Northwest in 
badly infested localities the injur}" rarely reaches a total of 20 per cent. 
When remedial measures are used this is reduced to from 5 to 15 per 
