11 
NAMES OF THE INSECT 
POPULAR NAMES. 
The name ''codling moth" is the one most generally used bv the 
American fruit growers. The first name given to this insect was 
••pear eater.** on account of its feeding in pears. Later writers called 
it the ''apple and pear worm or moth,*' ''fruit worm." "fruit moth." 
and many others names. The name "apple worm*' is often used, 
especially by the English. 
Wilkes, an English author, first used the name in ITJrT. which name 
was taken from a kind of apple tree. Slingerland says that the word 
•'codling*' is doubtless a corruption of the old English word ''querd- 
lying.*' which means any immature or half -grown apple. Some hor- 
ticulturists and entomologists and others use the names "coddling** or 
"codlin.** As a result of extended research Slingerland discards these 
names and g-ives the name •'codling'* decided preference. 
SCIENTIFIC NAMES. 
In IToS Linnaeus gave this insect the specific name oi pom on ell a and 
the discription is as follows: "Alis nebulosis postice macula rubra 
aurea." SchiffermiilierlTTB. named it "pomonana.** Fabricius.1793, 
gave it the name "pomona.** By reason of the eighteen years priority 
the name "pomonella" stands. 
Linna?us gave this insect the generic name of Trnea. Later it was 
known as Pyrtil'is^ Tortrir^ Semas'ii, and Ennhtea. Still later it was 
given the name Carpocapm. which was in use for about three-quarters 
of a century. In 1S9T Walsingham concluded that the name Carpocapm 
nnist fall and be replaced by Cydia. This view was adopted by Fernald 
in Dyar's list of North American Lepidoptera: but Cockerell strongly 
doubted this conclusion. After a very exhaustive study of the sub- 
ject ^Ir. Busck concludes that the old name Carpocapm is the proper 
name and must l)e restored, and his conclusions are accepted in this 
publication. 
VARIETIES OF CODLING MOTH. 
Staudinger described a variety of the codling moth which was bred 
from either apple or walnut in which the coppery spots in the ocellus 
were more broken and gave it the name ai jmttnrthhina. 
It has evidently been thought for many years that there was a 
variety of the codling moth in the far west. Matthew Cooke said in 
1883: "From investigation it is probable that there are more than one 
species of codling moth infesting the fruit of this State [California], 
but 1 am not prepared to report at tlie present writing." 
In r.Hio the writer found one butt-colored moth which. exc(^]'>t f(^r 
color, was like the connnon codliuir moth, on the trunk oi a tret^ at 
