THE CODLING MOTH 
( Cdvpocdp^d yoin (nielhi Li ii 1 1 . ) 
INTRODUCTION. 
Eveiy person is acquainted Avith ** wormy apples." and man}' have 
seen the caterpillars in the fruit, while few know the history of the 
worm-like creature which causes the injury, or whence it comes or 
whither it goes. 
If apple insects were classified in the order of the degree and extent 
to which they cause monetary' loss; the codling moth would rank first, 
since it causes more injury than all other insect enemies of this fruit 
combined. It is the most serious drawback with which the apple grower 
has to contend, as from one-fourth to one-half of the apple crop of the 
United States is injured every year. The control of this pest, how- 
ever, is not difficult when compared with that of many other insects, 
and hosts of apple growers are each year saving practically all of their 
crop from its ra\'ages. 
In the literature of the subject^, one finds that C'ato makes the first 
mention of this insect, and since that time almost every entomologist 
has studied it and written a])Out it. V>\ the writings of Le Baron, 
Walsh, Riley, Cook, Gofi", Forbes, Howard, Slingerland, and many 
others, information a])Out its life history and remedial measures has 
been disseminated, which have facilitated its control in tin* eastern 
part of the United States. 
It was found that in the western United States tlu^ conditions were 
different from those in the East and that tlie reconnnendations which 
])rought success in the East did not give satisfactory results in the 
West, and the necessity arose of making a close study of thi^ western 
conditions. Among those who hav(^ \vritt(Mi on the insiH't in the ^^'est 
are Messrs. Washburn, Koebele, Card, Aldrich. (Jillette. Cordh^y. and 
Cooley. 
The two principal accounts of this insect are those by l)r. L. O. 
Howard in LS8S and Prof. M. \'. SlingiM'land in ISDS. Both of these 
writings give a summary of what was known of (he instM't at those 
dates, with many original obsei-\ ations and suggestions for its control. 
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