70 
should do, a number of the more prominent of these ineiBcient methods 
are briefly discussed. 
It has often been recommended that moth balls be hung- in the trees 
in order to keep the moths away. If there were any virtue in this 
remedy, so many of the moth balls w^ould have to be hung on each 
tree, to do the work, that the expense would render it valueless. 
Smudging the orchard, or burning ill-smelling compounds so that 
the fumes will pass through the trees, has been practiced to some 
extent. The theory is that the moths will be kept awa}^ by the fumes 
and go to other orchards to deposit their eggs. It is quite evident 
that as soon as these fumes are blown out of the orchard the moths 
will return if they have left, and in order to produce any results it 
will be necessary that the smudge be continued practically^ throughout 
the season. 
Plugging trees with sulphur or other compounds and plugging the 
roots wath calomel have been practiced to some extent, on the theory 
that the sulphur or calomel will be taken up by the sap, distributed 
through the tree, and prove distasteful or poisonous to the insect. 
Trustworthy scientific experiments have been carried on which show 
that it is absolutel}^ impossible for the tree to take up any amount of 
these substances, and little or no effect upon the insects results. 
The writer has found several orchards in which the trees were 
banded with tarred paper, the evident intention ))eing to keep the larv?e 
from getting up into the trees. Knowing the habits of the insect 
when in its larval form, we can see that this method is ridiculous, and 
instead of being a detriment it is a positive aid to the insect; in many 
cases larv?e were found which had spun cocoons under the bands, 
which formed a place in which they were comparatively free from the 
attacks of their enemies. 
There seems to be a popular idea among many farmers and fruit 
growers that all insects are attracted to light. Based upon this idea, 
there have been many recommendations to keep fires burning in the 
orchards, or to arrange some sort of a trap lantern by which the insects 
are to be attracted to the lights and fall into water on which is a film 
of kerosene and thus be killed. This scheme of trap lanterns was 
exploded many years ago, but it seems that at intervals somebody 
revives it, and its fallacy must be exposed afresh. By carefully 
experimenting with trap lanterns and determining the catch as accu- 
rately as possible it is found that the majority of the insects caught 
are either decidedly beneficial varieties, or are males, or females which 
have already deposited their eggs, and that but few^ injurious insects 
are caught, and none in any great number. Probably the most exten- 
sive experiments with trap lanterns were those conducted by Professor 
Slingerland. Among 13,000 insects he was not able to recognize a 
single codling moth. This is the usual result of all these experiments, 
