74 
the nozzles, a.nd should be used both as the water is put into the tank 
and as it is pumped out. It is highly essential that some mechanical 
device be used to keep the liquid in agitation so that the coarser par- 
ticles will not settle to the bottom of the tank and render the mixture 
of variable strength, especially if Paris green is used. The hose may 
be any of the t3^pes in use, and a hose extension of some light tube, 
covered preferabh^ with bamboo, should be used in order that the tops 
of the tall trees may be easily reached. A stopcock at the junction of 
the hose and extension can be used to great advantage. 
The nozzles most used in spra3dng orchards are of two t3^pes — those 
which throw a fan-shaped spray, which are used for long-range work, 
and those which throw a cone-shaped spra}^, which are used for close 
work. Several of these nozzles may be placed on one bamboo exten- 
sion, and thus the amount of liquid thrown increased. Four lines of 
hose may run from one pump, but it is found that so large a number 
causes confusion and that more work can be done with two lines of 
hose. The usual number of nozzles upon each extension or line of 
hose is two. The nozzles can be set at an angle to the axis of exten- 
sion, and then by turning the extension the stream can be variably 
directed. If the spra3^ing outfit is small, consisting of a barrel with a 
pump, it can easily be hauled through the orchard on a sled; but if the 
outfit is larger it is usuall^^ drawn upon an ordinary wagon. Details 
of the mounting on the wagon and the position of the pump and tanks 
will depend a great deal upon the facilities which the grower has at 
hand. Many have the tanks and pumps mounted upon a frame, which 
the}^ can put upon the wagons and remove when the spra34ng is com- 
j)leted. If it is desired to spra3^ very tall trees, it has been found that 
spraying can be done more rapidly and thoroughl3^ if there are high 
platforms built upon the wagons upon which the operators can stand 
(fig. 17). The capacit3" of these hand-power spra3'ing outfits depends 
upon man3^ factors, such as the number of men emplo3^ed, size of 
pump, number of nozzles, capacit3^ of tank, distance from water sup- 
pi 3^, and size of trees. It has been found that three men, using a 200- 
gallon tank and two lines of hose, each fitted with two nozzles, can 
spra3^ about 250 average-sized trees per da3^ These hand-power spra3^- 
ing outfits can be purchased and put in working order for from $15 to 
$75. A pump, if used for arsenicals alone and given good care, 
should last for five or six 3"ears with but few repairs. But if the 
same pump is used for spra^^ing with the lime, sulphur, and salt com- 
pound, and the compound allowed to corrode the pnmp, it w^ill be 
necessar3^ to purchase a new pump oftener. (See Pis. XI and XII.) 
GASOLINE-POWER SPRAYING OUTFITS. 
If an orchard consists of more than a thousand trees, it will be found 
expedient to use a gasoline-power spraying outfit. If the orchard 
