78 
conditions, and it is found that TOO trees (in the West, where they are 
considerably larger than trees of the same age in the East) can be 
easily sprayed in one day. Some fruit growers tell the writer that 
they have been able, when they found it necessary to work more rap- 
idly, to spray 900 trees per day. By a series of observations it has 
been found that it takes from four to five minutes to fill the tank by 
means of the filling pump, and the same amount of liquid can be 
sprayed out in from thirty to forty minutes, upon from 60 to 80 trees, 
depending on their size, using about 2^ gallons per tree. In an irri- 
gated orchard it is quite desirable that the ground be allowed to 
become dr^^ before the spraying is begun, and thus avoid miring the 
machine in the soft earth, which will frequentl}^ occur in wet places 
in the orchard, especialh" when the tank is full. 
The cost of these complete machines varies with the cost of the 
engine and pump and their fittings. They can be purchased for from 
about $260 to $500. The machine with which the writer is most 
familiar cost $320, which included a $40 wagon and filling pump and 
attachments at $20. With good care and proper repairs these machines 
can be made to last for several j^ears. In a working da}^ of ten hours 
it was found that a li-horsepower engine consumed about 1 gallon of 
gasoline. Although the initial expense of this outfit is greater than 
that of the hand-power outfit, it will be found to be much cheaper in 
the end, as the engine can be made to more than pay for itself by 
other uses when sprajdng is not in progress, such as running the cider 
press, feed cutter, and cream separator, sawing wood, turning the 
grindstone, and numerous other tasks about a farm for which power 
is desired. The machinery can also be removed from the wagon and 
stored in an outhouse and the wagon used for other purposes. 
WATER SUPPLY. 
The distance of the water supply from the orchard is one of the 
greatest factors in determining the rapidity with which spraying can 
be done. W^ith the water supply some distance awa}" much valuable 
time is lost in going to and fro to fill the tank. In the smaller 
orchards, where but little spra^ang is done, the usual custom is to 
drive the wagon to a ditch, pool, or well, where the water is trans- 
ferred into the spraying tank with buckets. Many fruit growers 
have found it advantageous to draw their suppl}^ of water from an ele- 
vated tank into which water is pumped by a windmill or piped from 
some spring or stream. For irrigated orchards the water is usually 
taken direct from the irrigating ditches, sometimes from the main 
ditch and sometimes from the lateral ditches running through the 
orchard. By taking the water from these laterals in the orchard the 
routes of the spraying apparatus in operation can be largely deter- 
mined, the foreman trying at all times to be near one of them when 
