79 
tho tank becomes empty. By hk^ids of the filling- i)umi) on the (gaso- 
line power outfits iimch vahui})le time can })e saved in the operation 
of tilling the tank, as compared with the method of having an extra 
wagon to liaul water to the spraying outfit, sometim(\s employed. The 
routes followed ])y the spraying machine in the orchard depend upon 
many factors, such as source of water suppl}^, position of hills and 
ridges^ and direction of wind. Each orchard is a pro})lem \)y itself, 
and experience will show which routes can be followed with the least 
loss of time. 
APPLICATION OF SPRAY. 
There are many methods of spraying the trees. In following the 
chosen route through the orchard some use four lines of hose, com- 
pletely spraying four rows of trees at a time; but it has been found 
in actual practice that on account of the long hose and the great dis- 
tances the men have to walk other methods are more advantageous. 
Many use two lines of hose, and men standing on the ground go com- 
pletely around the trees, thus spraying two rows on all sides. Other 
fruit growlers drive down one row and spra}' half of the tree on either 
side; coming back on the other side of the row they spray the other 
side and one-half of the next row. It has been clearly shown that this 
method gives the best results, both in the saving of time and in com- 
pletely covering the trees. When the trees are tall it is quite neces- 
sary that the men ride upon an elevated platform, and it has also been 
found advantageous in using the gasoline-power outfit to have the 
men ride on the apparatus. In this way not only the men are saved 
unnecessary labor, but from their elevated position they can spray the 
trees more thoroughly. With the nozzles set at an angle on the l)am- 
boo extension, part of the tree can be sprayed as it is being approached. 
Then on stopping at the tree the whole side can be sprayed, and when 
leaving it the last part can be spra3'ed and spraying be begun on the 
next tree. It is almost impossible to spray wdiile moving at right 
angles to a strong wind, and if such a wind is encountered it will be 
found desirable to have the wagon go either with or against it and take 
advantage of it 1)}^ allowing it to blow the mist through the trees. 
PLxperience on the part of the operators will enable them to devise 
UK^thods to reduce the time without impairing the effectiveness of the 
spraying. 
The ideal to ])e attained in applying spray is to cover the tree with 
a thin coating of the spray solution, so that when the water dries it 
will leave a coating of poison on ever}^ portion of the foliage and fruit. 
When the spray is applied with but little force the stream does not 
break up into sufficiently fine globules, and when tliey strike the foli- 
age they either cover only a small portion of it or run together into 
large drops and fall to the ground, leaving but little of the solution on 
the tree, and that little ver}- much scattered. If, however, the spray 
