85 
Hand-power outfit: 
Man and team 4 days, at $3.50 $14. 00 
Two men 4 days, at §l.oO each 1 2. 00 
Materials 1.12 
Total 27.12 
Gasoline-power outfit: 
Man and team 1 h days, at $3.50 5. 25 
One man 1^ days, at $1.50 2. 25 
Materials , 1. 12 
Gasoline, 1 h gallons 55 
Total 9. 17 
The above estimates are taken from actual conditions in the tieUl. and 
the prices of material and labor are based upon current rates in the 
far West, where they are considerabh' less than in the East. It is 
assumed that the men and teams were employed at the local rates; 
but as men and teams are already employed upon fruit farms, the 
actual expense of these spra3ung operations is much smaller. Accord- 
ing to these estimates one spraying w^ould cost 2.7 cents per tree if a 
hand-power outht is used, or 0.9 cents per tree if a gasoline-power 
outfit is used. The additional cost to the fruit grower would be nmch 
less than this, and in some cases would probably not amount to more 
than 1 cent per tree with the hand-power outfit, or one-half cent per 
tree with the gasoline outfit. 
TI^^IE AND FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION OF SPRAT. 
The time of application of the spra}^ is one of the most important con- 
siderations in the work. It has been found that in many sections of 
the country fruit growers have spra3"ed without any definite knowledge 
as to when the spray would be effective, and many times it was not at 
all so, the effectiveness that it had depending more upon chance than 
anything else. Other growers follow the empirical rule of spraying 
once ever}^ two weeks after the blossoms have faHen. If this rule is 
followed no doubt many of the sprayings during the reason have little 
or no effect upon the codling moth. It can be readily seen that to be 
effective the poi.son nuist be placed ui)on the trees so that when the 
larv{\3 are hatching they will get sonu^ of the poison; but if they are 
already inside the apples or in their cocoons they sutler very littK^ from 
the spraying. Hence we find that where there are ])ut twt> genera- 
tions of the insect there are only two periods in the seascMi when a 
large proportion can be affected by the poison, and these are the i^roixu* 
times for spraying. The work done at these two periods may be 
termed the early and the late sprayings, the early spraying )>eing 
directed again,st the first geiHM'ation of the codlino- moth. 
Two sprayings at the early period are advised, one a t'ew days after 
the blossoms have fallen and before the calvx closes, and the other 
