87 
Cahxcs were anah^zed and the poison found in thcni, show inj^ that 
the closing of the lohes incloses some poison at least two weeks after 
the spra\'ino- has been done. The writer is unable to find any pub- 
lished record of any larva? having been found in a calyx, which were 
killed or supposed to have been killed by the poison. The evidence 
which goes to show that they are killed is all indirect. In Idaho in 
1902 the writer gave special attention to this most difficult point. By 
examining the apples immediately after the blossom had fallen it was 
found that the calyx proper consisted of two parts; first, the calyx 
tube, which we ma}^ say is on the interior of the apple, and then the 
lobes or bases of the lobes which support the stamens. The stamens 
stand close together and form a sort of roof over the cah^x tube. 
The writer has man}^ times cut open this calyx tube after spraying 
has been done, and was unable at an}^ time to distinguish any particles 
of spray inside the tube. The Avriter is also unable to give any 
definite figures as to what percentage of the larva? enter the apple by 
wa}^ of the calyx tube, but it is possible that it is large. The differ- 
ence in percentages of larvae which have entered the calyx on sprayed 
or unspraA^ed trees should indicate the efficiency of the spray. Table 
III gives 82 per cent as entering the cah^x on sprayed trees and SO per 
cent on unspra^^ed trees. There was lack of data in regard to the 
sprayed trees, which was not discovered until it was too late to obtain 
a new series. Cordley finds that the larva? do not enter the fruit 
until two months after the petals have fallen, and on that account 
does not recommend the spraying immediately after the blossoms 
have fallen. 
How the larvie of the second generation are killed is a ([uestion still 
in a somewhat chaotic state. It is generally believed that the larva^ 
get the poison when they enter the fruit, l)ut the observations of many 
investigators, including the writer, show that when the larva* are 
entering they eat little or none of the fruit. In both sprayed and 
unsprayed orchards it is quite connnon to find places where they have 
entered the fruit and have died shortly after entering. Countings on 
426 new entrance holes in sprayed trees showed that tluMH* was an 
average of 40 per cent of the holes in which tho lar\ a* had diinl, aiul 
in two coiuits this percentage went as high as 7<>. Other countings 
on unsprayed trees gave, out of ()(H) new tMitranc(\s. II pcM- cent in 
which the larva? had died. As there is no way i)\' knowing accurately 
how many of these holes were caustnl hy iar\a' whii'h entiM-ini the 
fruits where two a})ples touched, thest^ data can not hv vvVicd upon, 
but the writer believes that during the period in which the entrance 
holes were made at least 10 or IT) per cent of the lar\a> succumbed to 
the spray. Twice lar\ ;e wtM'c found di\i(l Iji^t'on^ {\\oy had entiU'ed the 
fruit. Alain- timers carh iii the sc^ason hol(\s \v(M-(> found, tin* making- 
