88 
of which would employ the larvpe for several da^^s. In these cases it 
is questionable whether or not the spray killed the insects. 
In regard to the entrance of the second generation, the larvae may 
get some of the poison when their jaws are slipping on the fruit in the 
attempt to make an entrance, but at best the percentage probably 
killed in entering the fru^t can in no way account for the general effi- 
ciency of spraying. Considering the egg-laying habits and the leaf- 
feeding habits of the larvae of both generations, the writer is strong]}^ 
of the opinion that b}^ far the larger number of the larvas killed by 
spray are killed through eating or nibbling the poisoned leaves before 
they find fruits. It is to be hoped that future years will develop more 
definite data on this subject. 
THE BANDING SYSTEM. 
As before indicated, upon leaving the fruit the larva seeks some 
place in the crevices or loose bark in which to spin its cocoon. This 
fact was known as early as 1746, but it was not until ISttO that Bur- 
relle, of Massachusetts, discovered that by winding something around 
the tree or placing cloth in a crotch many larvte would be induced to 
collect there and could then be destroyed. He recommended destroy- 
ing them in a hot oven. The banding system was further studied and 
elaborated by Dr. Trimble, who recommended hay ropes for bands. 
Very soon this became the most successful method used, and up to 
about 1880, b}^ its use mau}^ fruit growers were able to save consider- 
abl}^ more of their fruit than before. Manj^ other observers have 
made studies of these bands and proved what was best in the way of 
material and the manner and time of application, until now it is one 
of the very best adjunct methods in the control of the codling moth. 
Generalh^ speaking, the system of banding is simph^ furnishing the 
larva a good place in which to spin its cocoon and killing it after it 
has done so. (See PL X.) 
The materials used for these bands may be designated as temporary 
and permanent. The temporar}^ bands are composed of ha}^ paper, 
or any other cheap material, and, after the larvae have entered the 
bands, are burned with the contained larvae. Permanent bands are 
usually of cloth; these, after the larvae are killed, are replaced on the 
tree. The materials for these bands are various, and it has been found 
that the most efficient is some dark, heavy material. Bands of thin 
muslin are quite inefficient. Professor Aldrich recommends brown 
canton flannel. In orchard practice it is found that fruit growers use 
almost any material, such as old clothes, burlap, and canvas. 
One of the most essential features of the banding system is to render 
all other places on the tree unsuitable for the spinning of the cocoon, 
thus leaving the band the only alternative. Cracks in the tree should 
be filled, the rough bark scraped away, and all other obstacles removed. 
