92 
in September is unnecessaiy in southern Idaho and practically all of 
the Pacific northwest, as veiy few moths emerge after this time. 
After the fruit has been picked and carried off, the bands shoidd be 
removed, all the larvae in them or on the trees killed, and the bands 
stored, because if the}' are left in the orchard they will soon rot. 
WHEN BANDS MAY BE USED. 
Bands may be used to great advantage in an orchard bearing its first 
crop, which is but little infested. Many growers whose orchards are 
more or less isolated and but little infested use the banding system as 
a means of control. One of these is Mr. I. B. Perrine, of Blue Lake, 
Idaho, who has had great success in keeping the injury in the worst 
infested section of his orchard down to less than 3 per cent. 
The most important use of the bands is as an adjunct to spraying in 
a badh' infested orchard when it is desired to bring the codling moth 
under control in that orchard, or in genei-al practice when the trees 
are large and the spraying can not be well done on account of either 
the inefficiency of the spraying machine or the height of the trees. 
However, the writer, by man}- extensive experiments, has clearly 
demonstrated that when four or five sprayings are made with the 
gasoline power outfit, and the spraying solution is thorough 1}^ applied 
at the right time, banding is unnecessary. In orchards where spray- 
ing is the only remedial measure used it is advisable to keep bands on 
four or five normal trees, killing the larv^ at stated intervals and 
recording the results, so that the band record may act as an indicator 
for the conditions in the orchard. 
PRACTICAL TESTS. 
The season's work in 1900 may be svmimed up in saying that the 
work accomplished simply outlined the problem of the codling moth 
in the Pacific northwest. In 1901 the apple crop was so unusually 
small that all practical tests which had been begun were abandoned, 
and the time devoted to a stud}" of the life history of the insect and 
planning a campaign for the following year. It was decided to give 
the recommendations of previous years a thorough practical test under 
actual field conditions from the fruit grower's standpoint. Some dif- 
ficulty was experienced in obtaining orchards in which to work. 
Keeping in view the idea that the codling moth is the greatest injuri- 
ous factor in the commercial orchard, a large amount of work was 
done in such orchards, the principal part in the orchard of the Wilson 
Fruit Compan}', near Boise, Idaho, through the kindness of Hon. 
Edgar Wilson, and in that of Mr. Fremont Wood. Mr. ]\[cPherson's 
orchard and that of Mr. David Geckler were visited frequently and 
observations made. There were many orchards in various localities 
in Avhich no measures were used against the codling moth, and these 
were used as checks upon the sprayed orchards. In Idaho the injury 
