22 
In cases of very bad infestation, or if extermination is aimed at, 
the writer would recommend a third spraying in this connection. 
The writer has neglected no opportunity to impress upon the fruit 
growers of the Pacific Northwest that the first spraying is by far the 
most important remedial measure against this insect, and has gone 
so far as to state as his belief that one good spraying when the calyx 
is open saves more apples than all of the other remedial measures 
together. 
LATER SPRAYINGS. 
The question of late sprayings is one of the points now under dis- 
cussion among entomologists and horticulturists. The facts gleaned 
from publications, letters, and conversations with those in the best 
position to know are as follows : 
Professor Gillette, of Colorado, writes that in Colorado there are 
some fruit growers who advocate 9 or 10 sprayings, while others 
say that they obtain just as good results with 2 or 3. Professor Gil- 
lette says he has two cases in mind where as good results as one could 
wish were obtained with only 2 sprayings. He says he can hardly see 
how more than a slight benefit can be obtained by any spraying after 
the second. 
Professor Card, in his Nebraska bulletin, rather discourages later 
sprayings. 
Prof. M. V. Slingerland, in his bulletin upon this subject, states 
that he can not see how the larvae get any of the poison from the side 
of the fruit. 
Professor Washburn, of the Oregon station, concludes that 2 or 3 
sprayings will save from 70 to 80 per cent of the early apples, and 
that 6 sprayings will save from 65 to 70 per cent of the winter apples. 
Professor Cordley says that now he can obtain a much higher 
efficiency. 
The writer visited the orchard of Olwell Bros., Centralpoint, Oreg., 
and estimated their loss in 1001 to be 5 per cent from the codling 
moth, and Mr. James Olwell told him that the loss was greater than 
in 1900. Many other apple growers in southern Oregon are obtaining 
similar results every year. 
Mr. Gas Goeldaer, of Boise, Idaho, writes that by spraying he saved 
98 per cent of Ids apples, and Mr. C. Hinze, of Payette, Idaho, reported 
to the writer in 1900 that by spraying he had saved 95 per cent of his 
apples. Instances of such results, however, must be regarded as 
exceptional and may be deceptive, as account is probabl} T not taken 
of the amount of fallen, wormy apples. It still remains to be proved 
exactl} r what percentage of apples can be Scived by spraying alone 
in badly infested localities. 
This question of later spraying has become one of the most impor- 
