21 
Spraying. 
Against the young larvae entering the fruit, spraying with arsenical 
poisons is most generally used. The object is to place the poison in 
such places that when the young larvae enter the apple they will get 
some of the poison with the first few meals. 
EARLY SPRAYINGS. 
The best time to spray is immediately after the blossoms fall and 
before the lobes of the calyx are closed. By spraying at this time the 
open calyx forms an excellent place to catch the poison, and by the 
closing of the lobes it is retained for some time. As before stated, 
from 80 to 85 per cent of the larvae of the first generation enter by 
the calyx. Many cases might be cited showing the efficiency of this 
first spraying. One example will suffice: In the spring of 1901 the 
writer examined two orchards, separated only by a road. One had 
been sprayed thoroughly and other measures had been used ; the other 
had not been sprayed, and no other measures had been used. From 
the first generation about 10 per cent of the apples in the sprayed 
orchard were wormy ; in the unsprayed orchard 25 to 30 per cent were 
wormy. By connt it was determined that in the unsprayed orchard 
83 per cent of the wormy apples had been entered through the calyx, 
while in the sprayed orchard only about 10 per cent of the larvae 
which entered by the calyx had escaped the poison. 
On account of not being able to commence this work in the earl} T 
spring, the writer was unable to make observations upon the hatching 
of the eggs of the first generation. Mr. Hitt furnishes the following 
data: In 1896 the first moths appeared May 5, and they continued to 
emerge until May 25. He also noted that the apple trees were in full 
bloom May 1. In 1901 the moths developed in advance of the 
blooming period. 
Mr. McPherson noted the appearance of the first moths April 23, 
in 1901, and the first eggs May 10, which was about the time that the 
blossoms fell from the Winesap, Jonathan, Golden and Ben Davis 
varieties. 
Investigators in different parts of the country have found that the 
poison stays in the calyx and is effective for at least a week; hence, 
the lateness of the moth offers no difficulty. Exactly what the moths 
do between the time of emerging and egg laying still remains to be 
studied in this locality. Professor Cordley has noted the same state 
of affairs in Oregon, and thinks that the cool nights prevent the moths 
from ovipositing. 
The second spraying should be done about a week or ten days after 
the first. This spraying is intended for late larvae of the first 
generation. 
