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crops of young orchards. The first crop is always small, and many 
do not think it worth while to use means against the moth for that 
season. The next season's crop is usually larger and always has a 
large percentage of wormy apples. If, however, the grower had 
destroyed most of the worms the previous season, the second crop 
would have suffered bat little loss. 
It has often been observed in Idaho that the apples in orchards in 
which the trees were irrigated by flooding were less wormy than 
those in orchards which are irrigated by ditches. Single trees or 
blocks of trees in ground that is continually moist bear less wormy 
fruit than those which are irrigated only occasionally. The only expla- 
nation offered for these facts is that the larva will not spin its cocoon 
in a moist place, and that moisture favors the diseases of the insect. 
Whenever possible, the writer advises that the ground immediately 
around the trees' be kept moist, especially when the larva? are spin- 
ning their cocoons in greatest numbers. Care must be taken in doing 
this, as too much water will eventually either serionsh' injure or kill 
the trees. 
The writer has noted many old, neglected orchards in various locali- 
ties where no attempt was made to keep the insect in check. It needs 
no explanation that these orchards furnish a constant supply of moths 
to adjoining orchards, and in that way the loss in the orchard which 
is well cared for is greater than it would be if both received good care. 
In towns and cities many people have in their lawns apple trees 
which also furnish a constant supply of the insects. These people 
wish the trees for shade only and have no desire to raise fruit. The 
writer has approached these people many times when the opportunity 
presented itself, and showed them what they could do' to lessen the 
difficulty. The people who desire apple trees for shade only could 
easily destroy all the apples early in the season, and thus no damage 
would be done. 
REMEDIAL MEASURES EMPLOYED AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH. 
To intelligently apply remedial measures necessitates as a first essen- 
tial an accurate knowledge of the life history of the insect. With this 
as a basis, any fruit grower may- adapt the measures employed to his 
circumstances. It will readil} r be seen that there are certain periods 
in the life of this insect when it is vulnerable, and others when it is 
comparatively safe. 
The few experiments which have been made against the insect show 
that it is impracticable to undertake the destruction of the eggs. 
MEASURES AGAINST THE LARV.^E. 
A large majority of all the remedial measures that have been used 
are against the insect in this stage. 
