19 
The absence of remedial measures, use of improper ones, and 
improper use of suitable remedies have resulted in the abundance of 
the insect, and have caused many to be discouraged and to have the 
firm belief that the insect can not be controlled. 
The presence of old, neglected orchards is a source of constant sup- 
ply of the insect, and these orchards render control more difficult. 
PREVENTATIVE MEASURES EMPLOYED AGAINST THE CODLING 
MOTH. 
There has been in the past an idea prevalent among the fruit 
growers of the Pacific northwest that the codling moth can be exter- 
minated. That idea is at present held by only a few. The writer 
has always said that he believed it impracticable to entirely eradicate 
this insect from a large area. In an isolated orchard there are strong 
hopes that it can be done. Next season an attempt will be made to 
exterminate the insect in I. B. Perrine's orchard at Blue Lakes. 
This orchard is practically isolated and ail methods will be used. 
The very best general result that can be expected in Idaho is to 
control the insect so that its ravages will not exceed 10 per cent. 
There are some localities in Idaho where the moth has not yet 
appeared. By keeping all infested fruit and old apple boxes away 
from these localities, immunity may be secured. In other localities 
at high altitudes sudden freezes will sometimes reduce the numbers 
of the insect to such an extent that it takes two or three years for it 
to again become injurious. Fruit growers in these localities should 
use the utmost vigilance, and, at the first appearance of the insect, 
remedies should be applied and the insect exterminated if possible. 
When the wormy fruit is picked in the fall, it always contains 
larvae in different stages. This fruit is stored and the insects com- 
plete their growth and spin their cocoons in the angles of the boxes 
and in cracks in the building. In the spring, immediately after 
emerging, the moths seek the nearest orchard. Where apples are 
stored in great quantity the fruit on the nearest trees is all damaged. 
Two well-marked cases of the results of storing apples were noted in 
Idaho in 1900. In both cases the apples growing nearest the apple 
house (PI. V) were all wormy. In one case they were evidently 
infested in this way for about 5 rows toward the center and about 15 
rows along the side of the orchard. In 1901 this place was still the 
place of worst infestation in one orchard. These conditions may 
easily be prevented by shipping the apples immediately after picking, 
and destroying the culls. If the fruit must be stored, the windows 
and holes of the storehouse should be screened. The moths will 
collect at these screens and may easily be crushed, or, if the house is 
so tight that they can not escape, they may be left to die. 
Many fruit growers have committed a grave error in regard to the 
