6 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO SUBTROPICAL FRUITS. 
long as I and II combined and about twice as long as wide ; IV about as long 
as III, tapering to obtuse apex. Wing-pads extending to distal margin of the 
second abdominal segment, those of hind wings slightly longer. Legs stout, 
hind femora and tibiae about equal. Hairs present on live specimens but not 
prominent, short, slightly longer on tip of abdomen. 
Second-stayc pupa. — Length 0.666 mm.; width of head 0.133 mm.; width of 
prothorax 0.133 mm. ; width of mesothorax 0.166 mm. ; width of abdomen 0.133 
mm. Shape similar to that of the adult. Color translucent white to pale yel- 
lowish ; eyes reddish, more prominent than in first-stage pupa. Antennae 4-seg- 
mented, projecting backward over the head and thorax and reaching to the 
middle of the prothorax, second segment forming a kind of elbow from which 
3 or 1 long setae project cephalad. Prothorax nearly twice as broad as long; 
wing-pads in pupae just entering the second pupal stage extending to the 
distal margin of the sixth abdominal segment ; in pupae in which the adults 
are nearly ready to emerge the wing-pads extend to the distal margin of the 
ninth abdominal segment. Abdomen similar in shape to that of the adult. 
Legs stout, hind femora and tibiae about equal in length, setae more prominent 
than in first-stage pupa, longer at the tip of the abdomen ; conspicuous in fresh 
specimens but not in mounted ones. Tip of abdomen often with a cremaster- 
like formation resembling in shape a fork with 4 tines. Male pupae smaller, 
resembling the adults, their wing-pads usually reaching past the tip of the 
abdomen. Setae usually not so prominent. 
SEASONAL HISTORY. 
The orange thrips passes the winter in the adult state, and it is 
generally the adult form which first becomes conspicuous upon the 
orange trees in the spring. Although no large number of adults 
has been collected in hibernation, these undoubtedly pass the winter 
in sheltered places, such as the dead leaves and twigs forming the 
trash under most orange trees ; they are occasionally found on living 
plants and on citrus nursery stock in midwinter. 
Adult thrips appear in limited numbers during March. They 
deposit very few eggs in the early part of April, prior to the blossom- 
ing of the Xavel orange trees, but soon after most of the petals have 
fallen larva? become quite numerous. Oviposition has not been 
observed, but it is probable that it takes place mostly at night. 
Examinations for eggs revealed the fact that most of them are placed 
in the new, tender growth, being inserted into both upper and lower 
leaf surfaces, and also in the shoots. They are also placed in the 
receptacles of the blossoms after the petals have fallen and in young 
fruit and fruit stems. 
The larva? are wingless and when full grown are orange colored. 
When ready to pupate they fall from the trees, get into a curled dead 
leaf, amid cobwebs, dust, and leaf particles, and hide until the trans- 
formation is completed. Pupa? are not found in numbers propor- 
tionate to the larva? and adults, since it is in this stage that the 
mortality rate of the insect is greatest. The pupa? are very soft- 
bodied and less active than larva? and adults. They move readily, 
however, when disturbed. 
