18 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO SUBTROPICAL FRUITS. 
West Indies, where it had been the cause of considerable damage to 
the cacao. Giard published some account of its damages and stated 
that it was the same species that Maxwell -Lefroy 2 had recently 
reported as injuring cacao in the island of Grenada. In this report 
Maxwell-Lefroy considered the conditions then existing in Grenada 
and gave an account of the spraying experiments against this insect. 
Probably the first mention of tins insect was that of W. E. Broadway, 1 
in 1898, when attention was called to the "blight" of the cacao. 
A. Elot, 4 in 1901, gave a very clear account of the injury caused 
by this insect and of its habits and republished the description of 
Giard. According to this writer the different stages fed on the 
foliage and pods of the cacao and caused damage not only by destroy- 
ing the leaves but by so changing the appearance of affected pods that 
it was impossible to distinguish them from the mature pods; thus 
great damage resulted from picking the pods prematurely. 
In 1902 an editorial review 5 of this article by Elot appeared in a 
West Indian Bulletin, and also one by W. Fawcett 6 on the work 
of Maxwell-Lefroy appeared in a bulletin of the botanical department 
of Jamaica. During 1903 and 1904 several short articles were pub- 
lished, and these are given in the bibliography. 
In 1905 A. Elot 13 published another article on the injury to cacao 
by this thrips. In tins he repeated a good part of the information 
used in his former article. He stated that cultivation, priming and 
fertilizing would be very beneficial to trees attacked by this insect. 
The next year H. A. Ballou 14 published a short article on Phy- 
sophus rubrocincta, which was largely abstracted from the earlier 
one of Maxwell-Lefroy. This same writer between 1906 and 1909 
published a number of short articles that are fisted in the bibliography. 
Mr. H. J. Franklin, 18 in 1908, published an article in which he 
redescribed the female and also described the male for the first time. 
He recorded it as feeding on cacao and kola in St. Vincent Island, 
and also published a bibliography of the species. 
In 1909 20 Maxwell-Lefroy reported that it occurred in Ceylon, 
and that it was probably introduced into the West Indies from there. 
F. W. Urich, 21 in 1910, reported a serious outbreak during Novem- 
ber and December in the island of Trinidad. The same author, 24 
in February, 1911, published a bulletin on this insect. He gave very 
good colored plates showing the adult, larva, and pupa, and the 
appearance of injured leaves and pods of the cacao. The different 
stages and habits were described and the life history studied to some 
extent for the island of Trinidad. Urich recorded it as feeding on 
the cacao, guava, roses, almond, and mango. 
J. E. Higgins, 25 in 1911, recorded it as injuring mango seedlings 
in the greenhouses at the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. 
