108 
English MarTcets and Fairs. 
It goes almost without saying that, during the long 
history of market rights, abuses had crept in and disad- 
vantages had been developed. Naturally, these were chiefly in 
connection with the tolls levied by market owners. Toll, it may 
be mentioned, was not incident to a fair or market without a 
special grant, though it is probable that all market owners 
possess the right to levy it. In many cases — if not origi- 
nally in all as regards produce — the toll was in kind, and this 
antiquated form of payment still continues in a few instances. 
Thus, at Berwick, one egg from every thirty is taken ; at Guild- 
ford, a pint of corn is taken from every sack ; at Devizes, two 
quarts of corn are taken from each lot ; and, at Penzance, two 
quarts are taken from every bushel of corn. 
The customs anciently payable in the City of London, accord- 
ing to the Liber Albus, were in many cases tolls in kind. Thus ; — 
The cart that brings planks of oak shall give one plank. 
Every cart that brings leeks in Lent shall pay one penny and one 
fesselet of leeks. 
The vessel that brings mackerel shall give six and twenty mackerel, 
the franchise excepted. 
In “ Smythefelde ” the customary charges were one penny 
for every full-grown cow or ox, and for every dozen sheep sold. 
It is difficult to give in a brief space any fair idea of the 
present range of tolls in the various markets throughout the 
kingdom. As regards cattle markets, however, we have com- 
piled the following table, which may be of interest as showing 
the present tolls charged in a few fairly representative markets : — 
Market 
Cattle 
Sheep 
Pigs 
Horses 
Pens for 
animals 
per head 
per head 
per head 
per head 
d. 
S. (1. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
Islington . 
6 
u 
H 
( 
Zd. if sold 
Barnstaple . . 1 
\d. if un- 
1 ^ 
1 
6 
i 
sold 
Guildford . 
6 
1 
1 
6 
Leeds . 
2 
\d. to id. 
\d. to id. 
3 
Liverpool . 
6 
1 
1 
1 0 
Oxford 
2 
1 
1 
3 
Norwich 
(j 
1 
1 
1 0 
per score 
per score 
Beading 
6 
1 8 
1 8 
6 
Taunton 
3 
1 8 
1 8 
1 0 
( 
L. for 7 
Barnsley . 
2 
10 
10 
sq. feet in 
addition 
1 
to toll 
Eochdale . 
6 
1 i 
1 4 
6 ' 
' Stallions, 1«, 
