412 
liecent Agricultural Pullications. 
introduction of white into a primitive coat ; piebald and Isabel as 
conjugate coats, when the same animal possesses two primitive or 
distinct derived coats. The humorous legend concerning the origin 
of the name “ Isabella ” is related on the authority both of Bouillet 
and of Littre. The story, however, had better be told in our own 
language.* 
In the seventh section, “ the aptitudes or the services,” the 
purposes to which horses are applied are considered. Under the 
head of race-horses are discussed — the running-horse, the steeple- 
chaser, and trottei’s (in harness or under the saddle). Next come 
“ horses of luxury,” — large and small coach horses, and saddle horses 
(the hackney, the cob, the hunter, the double pony, and the pony). 
Cavalry horses are made to include staff-horses and troop-horses. 
Horses of industry and commerce comprise all draught horses — 
slow heavy draught horses (dray-horses), fast heavy draught horses 
(brewers’ and milkmen’s horses, stage-coach, omnibus, and tramway 
horses), and light draught horses. 
Vicious horses get a section (the eighth and last) to themselves. 
The whims and vicious habits discussed comprise lolling, doubling, or 
protruding the tongue, striking the lower lip against the upper, 
rubbing the lower extremity of the head against the manger, shaking 
the head up and down or jerking the I'eins, grasping the branches of 
the bit with the lower lip, tearing blankets with the teeth, resting 
one hind foot upon the other, lying down cow-fashion, stripping the 
halter, rolling as soon as harnessed or when entering the stable 
after work, trotting in the stable, pawing in the stable, weaving 
like a bear, eating earth, cribbing or sucking wind. Vices, properly 
so-called, are such as render the animal dangerous or almost useless. 
Examples are afforded in the balky horse, which disobeys tlie command 
of his driver, or I’efuses to go in the desired direction ; the biter, 
which attacks, or defends himself with his teeth the kicker, which 
similarly uses his hind feet ; the rearing horse, which raises the 
fore part of the body to strike or dismount his rider ; the shyer, 
wliich is easily frightened by accidental things or circumstances for 
which he cannot account. Sometimes vicious horses are qualified 
as wicked, and at other times as stubborn. The general causes of 
vice are briefly noticed. 
The concluding chapter “ Choice of the Horse,” is filled with 
hints of the most valuable character, the application of which in 
business would probably more than repay the cost of the book in a 
single transaction. It affords an admirable commentary upon the 
saying quoted earlier in the volume that, in the purchase of horses, 
“he who does not open his eyes opens his purse wide.” 
' “ Fashions have frequently originated from circumstances as silly as the 
following one. Isabella, daughter of Philip II. and wife of the Archduke 
Albert (Governor of the Netherlands), vowed not to change her linen till 
Ostend was taken. This siege, unluckily for her comfort, lasted three years 
(1601-1601), and the supposed colour of the Archduchess’s linen gave rise to 
a fashionable colour, hence called V Isabeau, or the Isabella — a kind of whitish- 
yellow-dingy.” — D’lsraeli, Curiosities of Literature. — Ed. 
