416 
Recent AgrictiUural PuhUcationL 
animals, (3) the molluscous or soft-bodied animals — slugs and snails, 
and (4) the worms, in so far as each group furnishes members 
Fig. 2. — Beaus injured by Bean-seed Beetle, Brucliu$ rufimanus, Schiluh. 
which can be regarded as actively injurious or beneficial to the 
agriculturist. 
Of the first group, the Vertebrata, the Mammals (or animals 
that suckle their young) naturally claim the 
leading place. Of these, five or six orders are 
noticed. The Carnivora, or llesh-eaters, are 
represented by the wdld cat, wolf, fox, martens, 
weasels, otters, and badger. Of the Insectivora, 
useful as feeding upon insects and their larvae, 
the shrews, the mole, and the hedgehog claim 
attention, and these are followed by the bats. 
The Rodentia, or gnawing animals, many of 
which are specially destructive, include the 
liares and rabbits, beavers, rats and mice (Fig. 
1), voles, dormice, and squirrels. The Rumi- 
nantia are represented by the deer, and the 
Ungulata by the wild boar. 
The only other class of vertebrates noticed 
is that of the Birds ; the remaining three 
classes — Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes — 
finding no place in the volume, although the 
frogs and toads might well have been included 
amongst the useful animals. Upwards of one 
hundred pages are devoted to the birds, 
those members of this extensive class which 
are either notoriously destructive, or specially 
beneficial, being discussed at length. For the 
purpose in view, the birds are arranged in the 
following groups : — (1) Hawks, falcons and 
owls ; (2) cuckoos, woodpeckers and king- 
fi.shers ; (3) passerine birds, including swal- 
lows, tree-creepers, starlings, rooks, magpies, 
jays, wrens, titmice, larks, crossbills, yellow- 
hammers, finches, wagtails, thrushes and black- 
birds, whinchats, Avarblers, etc. ; (4) the doves 
and pigeons ; (5) the scraping or scratching 
birds, including grouse, partridges, and pheasants ; (6) the long- 
legged or wading birds, such as plovers, coots, corn-crakes, snipe, 
and herons ; and (7) the swimming birds. 
It is to the Arthropods, including the Insects, that the body of 
Fig. 3. — Root of Rope Flniit, 
witii galls made by the 
Turnip-gall Weevil, tV-wlo- 
rhynchus sulclcoUis, Gyll. 
