450 
Allotments and Small Holdings. 
tliere is a much, larger proportion of permanent pasture than ot 
arable land in the smaller holdings, and a larger proportion of 
arable than of permanent pasture in the larger holdings. 
In England and in Wales there is a larger proportion, but 
in Scotland a very much smaller proportion, of the total area of 
the small holdings in permanent pasture than in Great Britain 
as a whole. Of the total area of the larger holdings, on the 
other hand, in England 46’38 per cent., in Wales 66-9 percent., 
and in Scotland only 25'32 per cent., are permanent pasture; 
and it is remarkable that in Scotland the proportion of pasture 
to arable is almost exactly the same in the smaller and in the 
larger holdings. 
Again, in England, of the total area under permanent pasture 
19'23 per cent, is in the smaller, and 80'77 in the larger holdings ; 
and of the total arable area, only 9-44 per cent, is in the smaller, 
and 90’56 per cent, in the larger holdings. In Wales, of the 
total area under permanent pasture, 24-02 per cent, is in the 
smaller, and 75’98 in the larger holdings ; and of the total arable 
area, 21-65 per cent, is in the smaller, and 78-35 per cent, in 
the larger holdings. In Scotland, 13-68 per cent, of the total 
permanent pasture area is in the smaller, and 86-32 per cent, 
in tbe larger holdings ; and of the total arable area almost 
exactly the same proportions as of the total permanent pasture, 
namely, 13-79 per cent., is in the smaller, and 86'21 per cent, 
in the larger holdings. Lastly, in Great Britain as a whole, of 
the total pasture area, 19-38 per cent., or nearly one-fifth, is in 
the smaller, and 80-62 per cent., or more than four-fifths, are in 
the larger holdings ; whilst, of the total arable area, only about 
11 per cent, is in the smaller and nearly 89 per cent, in the 
larger holdings. 
Upon the whole, then, excepting in Scotland, a very much 
larger proportion of the area of the smaller holdings is perma- 
nent pasture than arable. On the other hand, excepting in the 
small total area comprised in Wales, a larger proportion of the 
area of the larger holdings is arable than permanent pasture ; 
and in Scotland this is pre-eminently the case not only in the 
larger but also in the smaller holdings (see footnote to Table 
IV, p. 449). 
Such is in outline a statistical view of the present position 
of allotments, and of small holdings, in the country generally. 
It is proposed, in the next place, to illustrate the working of the 
allotment system, by reference to actual experience in a par- 
ticular case ; and then to consider, from an agricultural and 
economic point of view, what conditions seem essential to the 
success of small holdings, and whether they prevail to such an 
