544 Miscellaneous Implements Exhihitecl at Warwich. 
machine is again turned for a short time. The test glasses are 
then taken out ; a portion has become separated and rises above 
the hot water. The quantity of this when read off on the gradu- 
ated stem gives approximately the percentage of fat in the 
milk. 
The Judges tried this machine in the dairy. Two samples 
of milk, from two cows, were put in the test glasses, and went 
through the process described above. On reading off the results 
indicated, the operator declared that the one sample contained 
4 per cent, and the other 3 '4 per cent, of fat, but the line of divi- 
sion was by no means clearly defined, and it was difficult to de- 
termine it exactly. Two samples (duplicates) of skim milk, after 
passing through the separator, were also tested in a similar man- 
ner. They were declared to contain about 2 per cent, of fat. 
It was unfortunate that the operator was not better acquainted 
with the working. There appeared a good deal of laxity as 
regards proportions, density of acid and time of rotation, all of 
which must to a certain extent affect the result ; it was not, 
therefore, surprising that two other tests were not comjileted. 
The fault, however, was rather in the manipulation than in the 
machine. 
Milk testers on this system are known to have given satis- 
factory results in the hands of a skilled operator, but it is open 
to question if reliable results can always be counted upon in 
the hands of an inexperienced person. 
Apart from the question, which the Judges could not then 
decide, as to whether the machine yielded accurate results, 
it was clear that the process was one which, though it might in 
the hands of a skilled or trained man be of considerable use, 
and might be employed with advantage in a factory, was not 
so capable of ready manipulation as to recommend itself for use 
by the ordinary farmer. 
Article 753. Mr. George Ilathaivay, Chippenham, Wilts, 
showed a novel plan for fixing the spokes of a ladder. The ends 
of the spokes are made taper, so tliat it is not necessary to boi’c a 
full sized hole through the spar, or to fasten the spoke by wedging 
or cross pinning. The spars arc firmly held together with iron 
pins, which are fastened with a screw, and circular headed nuts. 
Ladders made in this way can easily be taken to pieces, and 
fresh spokes inserted with little trouble. They are stronger 
and less expensive to make. 
Article 859. Messrs. It. J. Harris & Son, llugeley. Staffs. 
This firm exhibited a Mowing Machine “ constructed on an 
entirely new princijfie.” The chief feature is tlie manner in 
which the pitman is driven, but it is doubtful whether the prin- 
