Cottage Sanitation. 
635 
the roof, running down the walls of the house or dropping from 
the eaves, soaks into the foundations and keeps the ground floor 
continually damp and unwholesome. 
(3) Leaking roofs. — Very often, too, the roofs of the cottages 
are not watertight, and besides the discomfort from the wet in 
rainy weather, there results a continuing danger from the wet- 
ness of the walls soaked by the rain. 
(4) Ground damp. — The walls may also be rendered damp by 
the moisture which rises through them from the ground. This 
is especially the case in some of the older cottages where the 
interspaces of the walls have been fllled up with earth, a practice 
Fro. 2. — Bcmedies applied to fig. 1. A, drain suiTOUnded by rubble ; B, air-space round tbe bouse ; 
c, rain gutter ; n, fall pipe ; E, concrete surface ; P, privy removed to lower level. 
which seems at one time to liave been very common in some 
parts of the country. 
(5) Wet walls. — The walls are sometimes made of very 
pervious material, or they let the rain penetrate by the joints. 
Remedies. — The remedies for these defects are simple, and 
are enumerated in the same order. 
(1) For a damp site. — A damp site should be well drained. 
An ordinary tiled drain, with rubble around it, should be laid all 
round the outside of the house at least six inches beneath the 
floor level and within a foot or two of the wall. In some cases 
this should be carried under the floor. The ends of the drain 
should be open to the air, covered simply by a grating. 
All the soil should be taken away from around the house 
wall below the floor level, a free airspace of at least a yard being 
