642 
Cottage Sanitation. 
hole in the ground, covered over with soil, and subsequently 
used for manure. The pail system is in great favour with all, 
the contents are less troublesome to deal with, and the closets 
pleasanter to use ; other tenants are anxious to have them. 
Recently I erected a closet with a 
ventilating shaft built in the wall 
and finished oflf like a chimney on the 
outside, giving the appearance of a 
wash kitchen to the closet. The 
ventilator opening is just above the 
rim of the pail. This answers ad- 
mirably, and I intend building all the 
closets on ray property on this model 
in future.” The pails used by this 
gentleman are made by Kirke and 
Foster, of Huddersfield, and are shown 
in fig. 7. 
Ashpits, according to the Model Bye-laws, are to be made 
as follows, when not in connection with the privy, and only 
used for dry refuse : 
Every person who shall construct an ashpit, shall construct such ashpit 
at a distance of 6 feet 'at least from a dwelling-house or public building. 
[This is the minimum for towns.]. . . . 
Of a capacity not exceeding six cubic feet, or sufficient to contain dust, 
rubbish, &c., during a period not exceeding one week. [This is also meant 
for towns. A larger ashpit would be allowed in the country.] 
Of flagging, slate, or brickwork at least 9 inches thick, and rendered 
inside with cement or asphalted. . . . 
So that the floor shall be not less than three inches above the ground 
adjoining, and he shall cause such floor to be properly flagged or asphalted. 
It must be roofed over and ventilated, and must not com- 
municate with any drain. It is desirable to exclude the rainfall 
and keep the contents as dry as possible. 
On no account should slops of any kind be emptied into an 
ashpit. Animal and vegetable house-refuse should be burned. 
This can easily be done by putting it at the back of the house- 
fire until dry. Put into the ashpit it often causes a nuisance, 
and is apt during decomposition to form a forcing bed for 
disease-germs. 
The disposal of the contents of privies, middens, closets, and 
ashpits is generally an easy matter in the country, where nearly 
every cottage has a garden close at hand. It is suflSlcient for 
purposes of health to carry the refuse to some distance from the 
house and bury it in the ground under a foot of soil. In village 
communities it would be well if the sanitary authority took 
charge of the removal of refuse. 
Pig. 7. — Pail with Kirke’s patent 
spring lid. 
