THE CLOUDY- WINGED WHITE FLY: LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. 99 
eggs. While the citrus white fly deposits her eggs without any 
definite arrangement, the cloudy- winged white fly, like many other 
species of Aleyrodes, very frequently lays hers in arcs of various sizes, 
and, as she is less restless while feeding, has a tendency to deposit 
her eggs in groups. Tins arrangement, together with the difference 
in color, makes easy the separation of the two species. 
Reference to the data in Table XXII, especially when compared 
with that in Table XII, shows that the daily rate of oviposition for 
the cloudy-winged white fly is slightly less than for the citrus white 
fly. As much of the data in Table XXII was obtained before typical 
summer weather had set in, it is of more value as demonstrating the 
relative rate of oviposition between the two species. 
Table XXII. — Daily rate of oviposition of A. nubifera and A. citri compared. 
Rec- 
ord 
No. 
Date eggs 
deposited. 
Dura- 
tion of 
egg 
laying. 
Number of 
females 
of— 
Number of eggs 
deposited 
by- 
Average number 
eggs per female 
per 24 hours 
laid by — 
Average 
mean 
tempera- 
ture. 
Citri. 
Nubifera. 
Citri. 
Nubifera. 
Citri. 
Nubifera. 
1 
2 
3 
Apr. 20-21,1909 
Apr. 21-22,1909 
do 
Hours. 
23 
24 
24 
48 
48 
24 
24 
50 
40 
""36" 
45 
44 
16 
36 
26 
79 
150 
454 
405 
""366" 
345 
432 
200 
662 
516 
849 
1,558 
9.4 
10.1 
------ 
8 
9.8 
12.5 
9.2 
9.9 
10.8 
10.4 
°F. 
76 
80 
80 
78 
80 
82 
82 
4 
5 
6 
7 
Apr. 22-24, 1909 
Apr. 24-26, 1909 
June 16-17, 1909 
July 16-17,1907 
The number of eggs deposited by single females has not been 
definitely determined. However, as experiments have shown that 
adults of A. nubifera are capable of living as long as those of A. citri 
and have been known to maintain unimpaired an average of about 
1 egg per day less than A. citri for at least seven days, it is safe to 
say that the maximum egg laying capacity is not far from 200. 
When all food plants other than citrus are eliminated, the remarks 
covering the relation between oviposition and food supply for A. 
citri hold for A. nubifera, with the exception that oviposition with 
the latter species is far more dependent upon new growth. This 
last fact, as discussed under mortality of larvae and pupae due to 
overcrowding, has a most important bearing on the control of this 
species. 
After a grove has been well infested with the cloudy-winged white 
fly there exists the same high percentage of females as recorded 
under the same topic for A. citri. In fact, the same proportions of 
sexes, and the same fluctuations and dependence of sex on partheno- 
genesis, are found to occur with A. nubifera. A typical example is the 
condition found in one grove infested entirely by this species. Dur- 
ing the summer preceding winter fumigation the ratio between 
females and males was 71.4: 28.6 pei cent. After fumigation, when 
