THE CLOUDY-WINGED WHITE FLY: SEASONAL HISTORY. 
103 
in 1909, it is not meant to represent the abundance of adults in any 
other grove in that city, much less in groves in various parts of the 
State. The same variation in neighboring groves in the same county 
and in a lesser degree in different trees in the same grove occurs with 
A. nubifera, and this statement apparently holds for infested groves 
in any part of the State. For example, groves at Dunedin and 
Sutherland, in 1909, showed a difference of at least 10 days in the 
beginning of the active spring emergence of adults. 
The most striking difference in the seasonal history between A. 
citri and A. nubifera which perhaps attracts most general attention 
and leads to more confusion between the two species in the minds of 
many is the much later appearance of adults of A. nubifera in the fall 
of the year. The last large " hatching " of A. citri is on a rapid decline 
at Orlando by the middle of September at the latest, while that of A. 
nubifera at that time is only approaching its maximum and lasts well 
toward the 1st of November, when its decline is rapid, although 
adults can be found during moderately warm falls as late as the mid- 
dle of December. Thus at Orlando in October 18, 1907, when adult 
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Fig. 19. — Diagram showing relative abundance of the adults of Aleyrodes nubifera and A. citri, 
throughout the year 1909, at Orlando, Fla. (Original.) 
A. citri were practically off the wing and a large portion of the imma- 
ture stages of A. citri had already reached the pupal stage, note was 
made that adults of A. nubifera were appearing in numbers and that 
pupa? of A. nubifera were rapidly developing eyespots on certain 
growths, and that new growth in places was crowded with ovipositing 
adults. 
In consequence of the difference between the time of appearance 
of these fall broods, the immature stages of A. citri have largely 
reached the pupal stage and are prepared to winter over by the last 
of October. At this time females of A. nubifera are crowding the 
limited new growth with large numbers of eggs, and by far the larger 
proportion of this species will be found in the egg and larval stages 
up to the middle of December, and in a few instances third-instar 
larvse may be found as late as the middle of February. It will be 
seen, therefore, from this and the foregoing data that there is no 
time during the season, except for about two months before spring 
emergence first sets in, that all stages can not be found in the grove 
in varying degrees of abundance. 
