32 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON APICULTURE. 
SHAKING. 
Shaking is briefly this: As soon as a colony i's discovered dis- 
eased, and at a time when there would be no robbing, it is shaken on 
the old stand into a hive containing new frames with narrow strips 
of foundation. In this way none of the contaminated honey is de- 
posited in the new cells. Should the disease reappear, which is some- 
times Ihe case, the operation must be repeated. In order to prevent 
the bees from swarming out, the queen may be caged in the hive for 
a few days or the entrance closed with a piece of queen-excluding 
zinc. Care should be taken not to scatter parts of the contaminated 
hive, particularly the honey, where bees can get at them. 
DISINFECTION OF HIVE MATERIALS. 
Honey, unless it has been boiled as above described, should never 
be fed back to bees. Wax, however, after being rendered and manu- 
factured into foundation, is commonly used without apparent dan- 
ger. It is customary in the East to put bees back into hives which 
have formerly contained diseased colonies, after they have been 
thoroughly cleaned of all bits of wax and honey. In the West, how- 
ever, the hives are either burned out with oil, with a blue-flamed 
torch, or are disinfected with strong chemical disinfectants. All 
frames should be burned, since it does not pay to clean them. 
