50 
MISCELLANEOUS PAPEKS ON APICULTURE. 
honey shipped annually from the islands is largely or entirely honey- 
dew honey. By far the greater part of this comes from the exuda- 
tions of the sugar-cane leaf hopper (Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk.) 
and possibly some of it from the sugar-cane aphis {Aphis sacchari 
Zehnt.), although while on the islands the author observed none of 
the latter species. (See PL IX, fig. 1, showing an apiary near a field 
of sugar cane.) Of course, in a tropical country there are many other 
insects producing more or less honeydew. The young " plant cane " 
is most abundantly covered with leaf hoppers. 
Honeydew from the sugar-cane leaf hopper is very dark amber in 
color and slightly ropy. In flavor it very strongly resembles molasses 
from the cane juice. Since the color and flavor are so marked, a small 
amount of this when mixed with the mild, light-colored algarroba 
honey imparts the color and flavor of honeydew to the entire amount. 
Most honeydew honeys on the mainland granulate very rapidly, but 
this type does not granulate at all. Samples several years old are as 
clear as when first extracted. 
The chemical composition a of Hawaiian honeydew honey is quite 
unlike that of floral honey, and this fact has led to the charge of 
adulteration by buyers on the mainland and in foreign markets. 
Since nowhere else, as far as the author is aware, is honeydew honey 
produced in such large quantities, it is not strange that cursory ex- 
aminations were misleading. The author saw enough while on the 
islands to convince him that, however unlike floral honey this product 
may be, it is a natural sweet product collected and stored by the bee 
and is then extracted and shipped with no additions of other sugars. 
When the food and drugs act of 1906 went into , effect the Ha- 
waiian Bee Keepers' Association sent a representative to Washington 
to find out under what name they could market their crop, since it- 
does not conform to the standard of the Association of Official 
Agricultural Chemists. They were informed that it could be sold 
on the mainland market provided it were labeled just what it is. This 
a Chemical composition of Hawaiian honeydew honey made from sugar-cane 
honey detu. 
[From Bulletin No. 110, Bureau of Chemistry, p. 37.] 
Polarization. 
Free 
acid 
as 
for- 
mic. 
Re- 
duc- 
ing 
su- 
gars 
dex- 
trose. 
Direct. 
Invert. 
Im- 
medi- 
ate, 
20° C 
Con- 
stant, 
20° C 
Bi- 
rota- 
tion. 
20° C. 
87° C 
Dif- 
fer- 
ence. 
Wa- 
ter. 
In- 
vert 
su- 
gar. 
Suc- 
rose. 
Ash. 
Dex- 
trin. 
Un- 
de- 
ter- 
min- 
ed. 
Remarks. 
+24.9 
+17.75 
7.15 
+13. 53 
+34. 76 
21.23 
15.46 
64.84 
5.27 
1.29 
10.01 
3.13 
0.15 
62.1 
High in chlorid. 
