.52 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON APICULTURE. 
+24.5; in ash, from 0.34 per cent to 2.04 per cent; in reducing sugars, from 
76.84 per cent to 59.76 per cent ; and in organic matter not sugar, from 1.41 per 
cent to 15.88 per cent. In sucrose also there is an irregular increase froin 3.58 
to 7.2 per cent, tliis increase becoming more regular as soon as the quantity of 
honeydew is sufficient to mask the variation in sucrose content of the individual 
honeys in the series of blends. The granulation of the blends decreases with 
the increase of honeydew and ceases at about the point of optical inactivity. 
The latter point, as has been said, is taken by the chemist as the arbitrary 
dividing line between normal and abnormal honeys, and bee keepers in the 
Hawaiian Islands who are troubled with honeydew have in the matter of gran- 
ulation a rough guide for the classification of their product. If the honey 
granulates, it may be put in the normal class; if it remains liquid for any 
length of time, it probably belongs to the class of honeydews. This statement 
does not apply in general to mainland honeys. 
The dextrorotatory honeydew honeys can not be regarded as adulterated, in 
the strictest sense of the word ; nevertheless they are frequently so pronounced 
by chemists, who, in the general work of routine, are often satisfied with a most 
superficial examination, and regard dextrorotation or high ash content as cer- 
tain evidence of adulteration. 
There is a test which may be applied with considerable safety. 
Algarroba honey granulates rapidly and pure honeydeAv honey does 
not ; it has been found by analysis that mixtures which granulate are 
as a rule of such a chemical composition that they may be sold as 
honey. The flavor and color may be characteristic of honeydew 
hone} T in spite of the fact that the mixture contains enough floral 
honey to be sold as such. 
The sugar-cane leafhopper was first collected on the islands by Dr. 
R. C. L. Perkins, now connected with the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' 
Agricultural Experiment Station, in 1900, a and by February or 
March of 1903 had " appeared generally throughout the cane fields 
of Hawaii in numbers sufficient to prove a serious check to the growth 
of the cane." & For several years the Avork of this insect caused a loss 
of about $3,000,000 annually c to the planters, and naturally they were 
anxious that something be done to stop this heavy loss. By various 
means the leafhopper has been brought under control until to-day 
it is not abundant enough to hinder the growth of the plants, " and 
plantations that were to a certain extent abandoned are again pro- 
ducing heavy crops of sugar." d 
During the time spent on the islands the author saw no sugar-cane 
fields that were seemingly injured by the leaf hop per, but, on the other 
hand, there were no cane fields examined that did not contain many 
°The Leaf-Hopper of the Sugar Cane, by R. C. L. Perkins. Bulletin No. 1, 
Division of Entomology, Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, 
Territory of Hawaii, 1903. 
6 The Sugar Cane Leaf-Hopper in Hawaii, by D. L. Van Dine. Bulletin Xo. 5, 
Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, 1904. 
c Report of the Governor of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior for the 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, p. 22. 
d Ibid. 
