4 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON APICULTURE. 
TIERING. 
Before, or just at the time of the beginning of the honey flow, a 
hive body exactly similar to the brood chamber should be given to 
the colony. Many bee keepers put only 8 or 9 frames in a 10- frame 
hive body used as a surplus chamber so that the bees will build thick 
combs. Since in uncapping the honey the comb is cut down to about 
normal thickness, this gives a place for the immediate storing of sur- 
plus honey and at the same time permits the bees to secrete some wax. 
The physiology of wax secretion is very imperfectly understood, but 
probably wax is always secreted, to a greater or less extent, during a 
heavy honey flow, and by spacing wide this wax is saved to the bee 
keeper. 
As the frames of the second hive body become filled, the honey may 
either be extracted at once and the frames returned to be refilled or an 
additional hive body full of frames may be put directly over the 
brood chamber and below the first surplus body. Bees go unwillingly 
through combs of sealed honey to empty combs higher up, but the new 
combs should be between the first two hive bodies. The reasons for 
tiering up hives rather than immediate extraction will be discussed 
under the heading of " Ripening honey." This operation may be con- 
tinued as long as room is required, and the bees should never be 
unduly cramped for room. On the other hand, it is usually not desir- 
able to give too much room at one time for surplus, for the honey 
may be spread over all the combs and, as a result, the cells capped 
when not drawn out well. It is sometimes desirable in the early 
part of the season to give only two or three frames for surplus at 
first, gradually increasing the number as necessity arises. This 
is particularly the case in uncertain weather or in a light honey flow. 
When the surplus combs are first put on, one or two frames con- 
taining brood with the adhering bees are frequently placed in the sec- 
ond story and empty frames put in their place in the brood chamber. 
By this means the bees at once get into the second story, and this 
manipulation is a very desirable thing where brood frames are used 
for extracting. When only clean combs are used, these brood frames 
may be returned to the brood chamber in a day or two, for by that 
time they are usually no longer needed. Of course care must be 
taken not to lift the queen to the second story above the perfo- 
rated zinc. 
Some bee keepers prefer the use of shallow extracting combs of a 
depth about half that of the ordinary brood frame. The advantage of 
such a size of frame is, briefly, the possibility of putting on a smaller 
amount of storing room at one time, in consequence of which the 
honey is capped over in a better manner. In other words, the forcing 
methods of comb honey production are carried over into the produc- 
