2 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS OK APICULTURE. 
be easier in the future. For a discussion of this work the reader is 
referred to Bulletin No. 110 of the Bureau of Chemistry, entitled 
" Chemical Analysis and Composition of American Honeys." 
Some of the common practices of bee keepers are, however, open 
to serious question, and it is primarily to call attention to these that 
the present paper is presented. It is possible to treat pure high- 
grade extracted honey so that on chemical examination it would be 
condemned or called in question. In the past there has been some 
trouble in cases where chemists have declared honeys, to which noth- 
ing has been added, to be adulterated ; part of the fault possibly lies 
with the use of poor methods by chemists, but not all of it. If a bee 
keeper treats pure honey so that its chemical composition is changed, 
it is no longer honey, and should not be sold for such. Several of 
the most widely circulated text-books on apiculture advocate very 
questionable practices. 
There are several text-books giving detailed information as to the 
production and care of extracted honey. It is not the purpose of 
this paper to replace these, but to point out the main principles to be 
observed, and especially to call attention to a few points which do 
not seem to be understood by the majority of honey producers. Many 
details which are apparently unnecessary in most cases are omitted, 
since the writer believes that each bee keeper must find out many 
minor details in his own experience, and less important phases of 
the work may better be learned from other sources. 
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTED HONEY. 
It is not the purpose of this paper to advocate the production of 
extracted honey as preferable to that of comb honey, nor would it be 
at all desirable »to have the production of fancy comb honey dimin- 
ished. For the benefit of the honey market, however, it could not 
result in anything but good were the poorer grades of comb honey 
to be sold as extracted. The discolored (" travel-stained ") and 
irregularly or partially capped comb honey found on so many mar- 
kets is a poor advertisement for the the bee keeper who tries to 
produce a fancy article. 
The production of extracted honey means considerably less labor 
for the bee keeper and also less work of certain kinds for the bees, 
for it is not necessary for the latter to secrete so much wax. Since 
it takes several pounds of honey under most conditions to produce 1 
pound of wax, the surplus per colony is greater with extracted honey 
than with comb, but this is compensated by the fact that comb honey 
of equal grade universally sells at a higher price. 
In the production of extracted honey it is much easier to control 
swarming, since the brood chamber is not contracted so much and the 
queen has an opportunity to work to her maximum capacity. On 
