96 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON APICULTURE. 
too cold. I have never had such crops of fall honey here (Norwich, Conn.) as I 
have had down among those sand dunes, once in three or four years, strong 
colonies layiug upward of a hundred pounds. 
5-6. White clover and Clethra, about equal. 
7. Sumac. 
RACES OF BEES. 
Among the bees of Massachusetts are found representatives of those 
kept in all parts of the United States. They occur only in relative 
degrees of purity, due to the fact that young queens often mismate. 
" Hybrid " means any cross between recognized races, but more par- 
ticularly and generally the cross between Italians and Germans. 
ITALIAN BEES. 
According to the data at hand, 594 bee keepers say they have Ital- 
ians. This does not mean pure Italians in every instance, but it does 
indicate that practically half of the bee keepers who reported have 
Italians, a highly encouraging condition. Furthermore, 342 report 
that they have hybrids, which may almost universally be interpreted 
as a cross between Italians and Germans. By adding this to the 
number who report Italians, it makes 936, or about 80 per cent, of 
those reporting who have some Italian in their hives. This clearly 
demonstrates the popularity of the race. 
There are several strains of Italians, such as ''long-tongued," or 
" red-clover," and " golden," or " five-banded," and the like. Al- 
though these strains are all found in Massachusetts, data concerning 
them is not sufficient to decide their relative merits or popularity. 
GERMAN BEES. 
Pure German or black bees are exceedingly scarce. In the county 
of Worcester the writer has seen what he believed to have been the 
pure-blooded Germans ; but these colonies are seldom met with. Al- 
though, as is shown in the table below, 196 persons report that they 
have German bees, there is as much or even more doubt that these 
are strictly pure as there is doubt that all of the Italians reported are 
pure. This race, at least in Massachusetts, is destined to be sup- 
planted by the Italians, although some bee keepers still complain that 
their Italians are constantly being crossed with blacks. 
CARXIOLAX BEES. 
This race, from Carniola, Austria, is not generally used in Massa- 
chusetts. Many who were interested when it was first introduced into 
America tried it and since discarded it ; but 34 persons, or 3 per cent, 
reported having it in 1906. 
