HIBERNATION. 17 
there seemed n<> room to doubl that the attacks had been caused by 
adults wintering over in the corn fodder, and dial these left their 
winter quarters in spring to feed and breed on the grain growing 
pearesl al hand. 
Prof. Herbert Osborn, in giving a summary of his observations 
on (he chinch bug in Iowa in L894, states (hat " In a greal majority 
*)\' cases, 90 |>er cent or more, (he infested fields were directly adja- 
cent to hedges or thickets or belts of timber, and in 7.') percent Osage 
orange hedges were the most available shelter. In about L3 per cent 
of the cases (he evidence showed hibernation in grass and weeds, and 
in some of these cases there could scarcely he a doubt thai the hiber 
nating bugs were protected by a heavy growth of grass or weeds and 
that they moved from these directly into the adjacent grain fields." 
Prof. Lawrence Bruner had previously called attention to the fad 
thai the chinch bug hibernated in great numbers about Osage orange 
hedges in Nebraska. Doctor Lugger, in Minnesota, gives the follow- 
ing as offering shelter to the bugs during winter: "Rubbish of all 
kinds, but chiefly that of hedges, wind-breaks, and along the edges 
of wood-, a- well as corn fodder, logs, and even loose bark and 
-tone-." 
While drenching rain- are beyond all possible doubt fatal to the 
new ly hatched young, the adult bugs seem to be almost proof against 
either wet or cold weather. It is doubtless true that very many 
individuals die in their winter quarters, and in fact the writer has 
found these dead in considerable numbers in some instances during 
early spring, but it seems at least doubtful if either cold or wet would 
entirely account for this fatality. It would seem that somewhere 
and at some period in the past this hibernation has been more for 
protect ion from natural enemies than against the elements, though 
of course (here might have been other reasons not discernible under 
a changed environment. The pupa hides away to molt, though it 
d<.(- not appear thai this course is folloAved in the earlier stages, and 
the reasons for this are not at all clear. That the adult is able to 
withstand combined cold and wet weather is amply proved by the 
observations of several people. Dr. Ily. Shinier, in Illinois, found 
thai those which were in corn husks filled with ice, even the chinch 
bug- themselves being inclosed in the crystallized element, were able 
to run about when they were thawed out. apparently unaffected by a 
.temperature that had varied from 15° (o 20° below zero Fahr. 1( 
seemed (hat when exposed to (he sweeping prairie winds al that 
temperature, with no protecting cover, (hey perished. Mr. (J. A. 
Waters, in (he Farmer-' Review for October li>. L887, relate- that a 
bunch of fodder that had fallen into a ditch washed out near a corn 
"Cliin.li Bug Observations in [owa in L894, Insect Life, Vol. VII. i»i». 230 232. 
26608— No. 69—07 m 2 
