58 THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
Kerosene emulsion. — Five pounds of whale-oil soap, 5 gallons of kerosene. 
Dissolve the soap in 10 gallons of boiling water, then remove from the fire and add 
the kerosene slowly, thoroughly churning the mixture in the meantime; then add 
enough hot water slowly to make the whole mixture 50 gallons, continuing the 
churning while adding the hot water. Apply milk warm for best results. 
Sulphide of soda wash. — Two pounds of French sulphur; 1£ pounds of Green- 
bank caustic soda (or Impounds Am. con. lye) ; 10 pounds of whale-oil soap. Boil the 
sulphur and caustic soda in 2 gallons of water for one hour ; then dissolve the whale- 
oil soap in 10 gallons of boiling water. Add the two solutions together and boil for 
half an hour; then add enough water to make the whole mixture 50 gallons, and 
apply warm. 
JResin wash. — Twenty pounds of resin; 5 pounds of Greenbank caustic soda (or 
5 pound Am. con. lye) ; 2| pints of fish or polar oil. 
Dissolve the caustic soda in 10 gallons of boiling water; then add the fish oil and 
pulverize and add slowly the resin, and boil for four hours. Add enough hot water 
slowly to make the whole 100 gallons. Apply milk warm. 
All of the above washes can be relied upon to exterminate the pernicious (or San 
Jose) scale on all kinds of deciduous trees, and all of them, except the salt, lime, and 
sulphur solution, can be depended upon to destroy the soft brown and black scale 
(when young) on citrus trees. 
Salt, lime, and sulphur wash on a large scale. — In this connection we 
introduced the method of making the lime-sulphur-salt wash on a large 
scale given by Mr. H, P. Stabler, of Yuba City, Cal., in a paper read 
before the State Horticultural Society and reported in the Pacific Sural 
Press for February 4, 1893 (Insect Life, Vol. V, p. 280). By means of 
a 12-horsepower boiler and attached pipes, and a hot-water tank, some 
1,500 gallons of spraying material were prepared in batches of 300 
gallons each. .Fifty pounds of lime and 100 pounds of sulphur were 
placed in vats of 300 gallons capacity, and 100 gallons of hot water 
were run in from the tank. After boiling, by turning on the steam 
for two or three hours, 150 pounds of lime and 75 pounds of salt 
were added, the former having been previously slaked. The contents 
of the vats were boiled for half an hour longer and water added to 
make 300 gallons. The different ingredients went into almost perfect 
solution, leaving a very slight sediment. The use of this mixture is 
reported to have resulted in the complete eradication of the San Jose 
scale in an orchard of 100 acres of 7-year-old trees. 
FORMULAS RECOMMENDED BY THE DIVISION. 
The method of preparation of kerosene soap emulsions, of the milk 
emulsion, and of the resin wash, now adopted by the division as a 
result of repeated experimentation, is appended. The methods given 
are strongly advised as most economical and satisfactory : 
Kerosene and soap emulsion. — Two gallons kerosene ; one-half pound whale-oil soap 
(or 1 quart soft soap) ; 1 gallon water. 
Dissolve the soap in the water by boiling, and add boiling hot, away from the fire, 
to the kerosene. Agitate violently for five minutes by pumping the liquid back 
upon itself with a force pump and direct-discharge nozzle throwing a strong stream, 
preferably one-eighth inch in diameter. The mixture will have increased about 
one-third in bulk and assume the consistency of cream. Well made, the emulsion 
should keep indefinitely, and should be diluted only as wanted for use. 
