REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES. 
In limestone or hard-water regions " break " the water with lye before using to 
make or dilute the emulsion, or use rain water. Better than either, use milk 
emulsion, with which the character of the water does not affect the result. 
Kerosene and milk emulsion. — Two gallons kerosene; 1 gallon milk (soar). 
Heating is unnecessary; churn as in the former ease for three to live minafc 
until a thick, buttery consistency results. Prepare the milk emulsion from time to 
time tor immediate use, unless it can be stored in air-tight jars, otherwise it will 
soon ferment and spoil. 
Resin wash. — Twenty pounds resin; 5 pounds caustic soda (70 per cent); 2h pints 
fish oil; water, to make 100 gallons. 
Ordinary commercial resin is used, and the soda that is put up for soap establish- 
ments in large 200-pound drums. Smaller quantities may be obtained at soap fac- 
tories, or the granulated caustic soda (93 per cent) used, 'l_ pounds of the latter being 
the equivalent of 5 pounds of the former. Place these substances with the oil in 
a kettle with water to cover them to a depth of 3 or 4 inches. Boil for one or two 
hours, occasionally adding water, until the compound resembles very strong, black 
coffee. Dilute to one-third the final bulk with hot water or with cold water added 
slowly over the fire, making a stock mixture, to be diluted to the full amount as used. 
When sprayed the mixture should be perfectly fluid without sediment, and should any 
appear in the stock mixture reheating should be resorted to. For a winter wash 
dilute one-third or one-half less. 
THE HYDROCYANIC ACID GAS TREATMENT. 
Wherever, as in California, it is necessary to treat orchards on a 
large scale, or the orchards of a county or fruit district, the use of the 
gas treatment is very strongly advised. In such cases the common 
custom on the Pacific Coast can not be improved upon, namely, put- 
ting the work of fumigation into the hands of parties who devote 
themselves to it entirely and fumigate orchards and trees at a regular 
rate. The expense and difficulty of making the application and the 
uncertainty of the proper use of the very dangerous chemicals in unac- 
customed hands, together with the necessity of having these of a defi- 
nite and tested strength, make it highly desirable for the fumigation 
to be done by experienced parties who can guarantee satisfactory 
results. In the use of the gas we have an especially economical means 
of treating nursery stock, and when properly done there is no method 
of ridding such stock of the San Jose scale which excels it in thor- 
oughness. It is the usual method employed in the West for this pur- 
pose, and in the East has also recently been used successfully in 
cleansing nursery stock in Xew Jersey. 
Judging from the results at Charlottesville, even the gas treatment 
may fail to destroy all the insects when the scales are densely massed, 
and in such cases a single fumigation can not be depended on. 
The method of using the gas on orchard trees and on nursery stock 
may best be considered separately. 
Method of fumigating orchard trees. — The treatment consists in in< 
iug the tree with a tent and tilling the latter with the poisonous gas. 
The tents should be of blue or brown drilling, or S-ounce duck, 
painted or oiled, to make air-tight. The tent may be placed over small 
trees by hand and over large trees with a tripod or derrick. A tent 
