62 THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
(5) Eesin wash, to be effective, must be used at a strength involving 
an expenditure for materials which, with trouble and difficulty of its 
preparation, makes it of little practical value. Its effect on the health 
of the trees is not prejudicial, but in the stronger washes it prevents 
blooming the following season. 
(6) Soap washes, particularly of whale oil soap, have yielded the most 
satisfactory results, and at the rate of 2 pounds to the gallon, under 
the conditions of thorough drenching of the entire plant, with five or 
six days of subsequent fair weather, will destroy all the scales, whether 
applied in fall or in spring. The results with soap in less strength 
indicate that under the most favorable conditions the same result may 
be reached with mixtures containing onlv a pound and a half of soap, 
but as a matter of safety the stronger wash is always recommended. 
The action of the soap at the rate of 1 pound or more to the gallon, 
applied in the fall, is generally to limit blooming and fruiting the fol- 
lowing spring, but the vigor and healthfumess of the tree are greatly 
increased. Applied in spring at the time of blooming, it does not 
injure the plant nor affect the setting of the fruit to any material extent 
in the case of the peach, and not at all in the case of the apple. 
SOAP-WASH TREATMENT OX A LARGE SCALE. 
Confirming the results of the preliminary experiments with soap 
washes is the outcome of a treatment on a large scale in the orchard at 
Riverside, Md., in which the previous experiments had been conducted. 
The entire orchard was sprayed with a wash containing for each gallon 
of liquid a pound and a half of whale-oil soap and half a pound of ordi- 
nary hard soap. The mixture was applied warm toward the end of 
April, 1895, when the peach trees of the orchard were in partial bloom 
and the apple trees were in full bloom and partly in leaf. No serious 
consequences resulted to the trees from their tender condition even in 
this early state of bloom and foliage. Above 95 per cent of the scales 
were dead on examination a few weeks later. When examined again 
in the fall of 1895, the effect was found to have been even more satis- 
factory, very few scales existing on the trees, which during the summer 
had made a very vigorous and satisfactory growth, showing consider- 
able recovery from the previous serious damage done to them. If this 
application had been made in the fall at the time recommended, before 
the scales had become hardened for the winter, the results would pos- 
sibly have been much more thorough, or would have approached com- 
plete extermination. The very successful outcome of the treatment 
on a large pear orchard at Chestertown, Md., is referred to on page 24. 
The results here obtained fully substantiate the claims made for the 
soap treatment. Other successful results following soap treatment are 
reported by Professor Smith (Entomological News, Vol. VI, p. 156). 
GREATER VALUE OF THE SOAP WASH I'RGED. 
The experiments as a whole indicate the vastly superior merit of the 
soap wash and its fall application. The greater vigor of the plant 
