42 
THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
The true pupa (fig. 4 c, d) is pale yellow, sometimes purplish, darkest 
about the base of the abdomen. The head, antenna-, legs, wing pads, and 
style are well formed, but almost colorless. The antennae reach as far 
back as the second pair of legs and are not curved under, as formerly, but 
lie close to the side of the body with the ends free. The first pair of legs 
are held forward, reaching slightly beyond the eyes, the middle femora 
projecting somewhat beyond the margin of the abdomen. The hind legs 
are inclined backward and reach to the end of the body. The style is 
rounded at tip, conical, and about as long as the posterior tibia-. 
From four to six days later, or from twenty-four to twenty-six days 
from birth, the males mature and back out from the rear end of their 
scales, having previously, for a day or two, remained practically devel- 
oped but resting under tlie scale. They seem to issue chiefly by night 
or in the evening. 
The mature male (fig. 5) appears as a delicate two-winged fly -like 
insect with long feelers and a single anal style projecting from the end 
Fir;. 5. — Adult male— greatly enlarged. (Original.) 
of the body 5 orange in color, with a faintly dusky shade on the pro- 
thorax. The head is darker than the rest of the bod}, the eyes are 
dark purple, and the antennae, legs, and style are smoky. The wings 
are iridescent with yellow and green, very faintly clouded. 
Thirty days from birth the females are full grown and the embryonic 
young may be seen within their bodies, each inclosed in a delicate 
membrane. At from thirty -three to forty days the larvae again begin 
to make their appearance. 
The adult female, prior to the development of the young, measures 1 
millimeter in length and a little less in breadth, and is pale yellow with 
transparent spots near the margin of the body (fig. 6). 
The length of a generation is determined by the female, and, as 
shown by the above record, covers a period of from thirty-three to 
forty days. Successive generations were followed carefully throughout 
the summer, and it was found that at Washington four full generations 
